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The Case for Learned In-Memory Joins

Summary: Explores CDF-based learned indexes (RMI, RadixSpline) for in-memory indexed nested-loop, sort, and hash joins. Optimized learned variants outperform state-of-the-art joins across diverse datasets and workloads. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
h027e04f168677235
Venue
VLDB
Year
2023
Pagerank
5.3375308e-05
Overall Rank
8,402 | 43.53%
DOI
10.14778/3587136.3587148
PDF
Download (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{sabek_vldb23,
        title = {{The Case for Learned In-Memory Joins}},
        author = {Sabek, Ibrahim and Kraska, Tim},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '23},
        volume = {16},
        number = {7},
        pages = {1749--1762},
        doi = {10.14778/3587136.3587148},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3587136.3587148},
        year = {2023}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 5 of 5 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
7,981 The Holon Approach for Simultaneously Tuning Multiple Components in a Self-Driving Database Management System with Machine Learning via Synthesized Proto-Actions 2024 VLDB 5.4117272e-05
9,654 Are Joins over LSM-trees Ready? Take RocksDB as an Example 2025 VLDB 5.142891e-05
10,296 This is Going to Sound Crazy, But What If We Used Large Language Models to Boost Automatic Database Tuning Algorithms By Leveraging Prior History? We Will Find Better Configurations More Quickly Than Retraining From Scratch! 2026 SIGMOD 5.0407989e-05
10,307 DobLIX: A Dual-Objective Learned Index for Log-Structured Merge Trees 2025 VLDB 5.0392037e-05
11,551 SPID-Join: A Skew-resistant Processing-in-DIMM Join Algorithm Exploiting the Bank- and Rank-level Parallelisms of DIMMs 2024 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 35 of 35 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
15 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00061067652
27 Database Architecture Optimized for the New Bottleneck: Memory Access 1999 VLDB 0.00051576613
40 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00046363107
85 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00035876108
144 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.00029090793
210 Sort vs. Hash Revisited: Fast Join Implementation on Modern Multi-Core CPUs 2009 VLDB 0.00024844328
251 Multi-Core, Main-Memory Joins: Sort vs. Hash Revisited 2014 VLDB 0.00023136934
361 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00020000855
362 Design and Evaluation of Main Memory Hash Join Algorithms for Multi-core CPUs 2011 SIGMOD 0.00019999596
373 Umbra: A Disk-Based System with In-Memory Performance 2020 CIDR 0.00019705706
422 ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index 2020 SIGMOD 0.00018488849
425 Massively Parallel Sort-Merge Joins in Main Memory Multi-Core Database Systems 2012 VLDB 0.00018485358
458 The PGM-index: a fully-dynamic compressed learned index with provable worst-case bounds 2020 VLDB 0.00017880664
616 Relational Joins on Graphics Processors 2008 SIGMOD 0.00015554627
835 Benchmarking Learned Indexes 2021 VLDB 0.00013575971
869 Learning Multi-dimensional Indexes 2020 SIGMOD 0.00013363241
997 What happens during a Join? Dissecting CPU and Memory Optimization Effects 2000 VLDB 0.00012628913
1,105 Buffering Accesses to Memory-Resident Index Structures 2003 VLDB 0.00011991167
1,128 Qd-tree: Learning Data Layouts for Big Data Analytics 2020 SIGMOD 0.00011901941
1,206 NUMA-aware algorithms: the case of data shuffling 2013 CIDR 0.00011536099
1,267 An Experimental Comparison of Thirteen Relational Equi-Joins in Main Memory 2016 SIGMOD 0.00011265987
1,525 Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions 2021 VLDB 0.00010355133
2,139 Quickstep: A Data Platform Based on the Scaling-Up Approach 2018 VLDB 8.9735524e-05
2,582 Are Updatable Learned Indexes Ready? 2022 VLDB 8.2641447e-05
2,674 Asynchronous Memory Access Chaining 2016 VLDB 8.1445101e-05
2,802 Distributed Join Algorithms on Thousands of Cores 2017 VLDB 7.9866934e-05
2,809 Exploiting Coroutines to Attack the "Killer Nanoseconds" 2018 VLDB 7.9788276e-05
2,818 To Partition, or Not to Partition, That is the Join Question in a Real System 2021 SIGMOD 7.9703078e-05
3,708 The Case for a Learned Sorting Algorithm 2020 SIGMOD 7.0781032e-05
4,890 Can Learned Models Replace Hash Functions? 2023 VLDB 6.3663299e-05
5,043 LSched: A Workload-Aware Learned Query Scheduler for Analytical Database Systems 2022 SIGMOD 6.2979214e-05
5,973 Towards instance-optimized data systems 2021 VLDB 5.9281867e-05
6,267 A Critical Analysis of Recursive Model Indexes 2022 VLDB 5.8283218e-05
7,920 Cache-Oblivious Query Processing 2007 CIDR 5.4250739e-05
10,124 Is FPGA Useful for Hash Joins? Exploring Hash Joins on Coupled CPU-FPGA Architecture 2020 CIDR 5.0758345e-05
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# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
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