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Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions

Summary: LIPP is a fully updatable learned-index framework whose tree extensions preserve precise leaf positions, avoiding lookup degradation under inserts/deletes. Dynamic height adjustment yields bounded trees and up to 4× gains across mixed workloads. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
h9f25fd6bc639fb68
Venue
VLDB
Year
2021
Pagerank
0.00010320909
Overall Rank
1,529 | 89.76%
DOI
10.14778/3457390.3457393
PDF
Download (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{wu_vldb21,
        title = {{Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions}},
        author = {Wu, Jiacheng and Zhang, Yong and Chen, Shimin and Wang, Jin and Chen, Yu and Xing, Chunxiao},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '21},
        volume = {14},
        number = {8},
        pages = {1276--1288},
        doi = {10.14778/3457390.3457393},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3457390.3457393},
        year = {2021}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 43 of 43 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2,590 Are Updatable Learned Indexes Ready? 2022 VLDB 8.2368464e-05
2,870 APEX: A High-Performance Learned Index on Persistent Memory 2022 VLDB 7.9033232e-05
3,632 Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation 2023 VLDB 7.1274345e-05
3,716 CARMI: A Cache-Aware Learned Index with a Cost-based Construction Algorithm 2022 VLDB 7.0541948e-05
4,385 NFL: Robust Learned Index via Distribution Transformation 2022 VLDB 6.613814e-05
4,389 DILI: A Distribution-Driven Learned Index 2023 VLDB 6.6111249e-05
4,656 PLIN: A Persistent Learned Index for Non-Volatile Memory with High Performance and Instant Recovery 2023 VLDB 6.468994e-05
4,879 The RLR-Tree: A Reinforcement Learning Based R-Tree for Spatial Data 2023 SIGMOD 6.3567479e-05
5,397 Updatable Learned Indexes Meet Disk-Resident DBMS - From Evaluations to Design Choices 2023 SIGMOD 6.1347527e-05
5,421 FILM: a Fully Learned Index for Larger-than-Memory Databases 2023 VLDB 6.1231965e-05
5,982 Towards instance-optimized data systems 2021 VLDB 5.9096991e-05
6,604 LMSFC: A Novel Multidimensional Index based on Learned Monotonic Space Filling Curves 2023 VLDB 5.7196547e-05
6,622 Making In-Memory Learned Indexes Efficient on Disk 2024 SIGMOD 5.7136886e-05
6,802 SALI: A Scalable Adaptive Learned Index Framework based on Probability Models 2023 SIGMOD 5.6623052e-05
6,889 Accelerating String-key Learned Index Structures via Memoization-based Incremental Training 2024 VLDB 5.6393954e-05
7,103 LITS: An Optimized Learned Index for Strings 2024 VLDB 5.5824915e-05
7,180 Adaptive Hybrid Indexes 2022 SIGMOD 5.5767825e-05
7,314 Hyper: A High-Performance and Memory-Efficient Learned Index via Hybrid Construction 2024 SIGMOD 5.5425359e-05
8,050 NeurDB: On the Design and Implementation of an AI-powered Autonomous Database 2025 CIDR 5.3839177e-05
8,219 WISK: A Workload-aware Learned Index for Spatial Keyword Queries 2023 SIGMOD 5.359172e-05
8,223 Algorithmic Complexity Attacks on Dynamic Learned Indexes 2024 VLDB 5.3584214e-05
8,419 The Case for Learned In-Memory Joins 2023 VLDB 5.3198816e-05
8,443 Femur: A Flexible Framework for Fast and Secure Querying from Public Key-Value Store 2025 SIGMOD 5.3148581e-05
8,782 A New Paradigm in Tuning Learned Indexes: A Reinforcement Learning Enhanced Approach 2025 SIGMOD 5.2647219e-05
8,903 Why Are Learned Indexes So Effective but Sometimes Ineffective? 2025 VLDB 5.238416e-05
9,176 One Seed, Two Birds: A Unified Learned Structure for Exact and Approximate Counting 2024 SIGMOD 5.200391e-05
9,627 Can Learned Indexes be Built Efficiently? A Deep Dive into Sampling Trade-offs 2024 SIGMOD 5.1369088e-05
9,814 Understanding Robustness Issues of Updatable Learned Indexes: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 5.1121061e-05
10,222 SWIX: A Memory-efficient Sliding Window Learned Index 2024 SIGMOD 5.0460607e-05
10,417 Replace or Augment: Rethinking the Role of Learned Indexes in Relational Databases 2027 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,551 LICO: An SIMD-Aware High-Performance Learned Inverted Index Compression Framework 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,552 LINE: A Learned Index with Group-Enhanced Leaves and Cache-Optimized Inner Tree 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,557 Mathematical Foundations of Poisoning Attacks on Linear Regression over Cumulative Distribution Functions 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,561 NeurBench: A Benchmark Suite for Learned Database Components with Drift Modeling: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,566 On Self-Designing Learned Indexes 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,649 High Performance or Low Memory? An Updatable Learned Index Framework for Time-Space Tradeoff 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,717 From Learning to Recycling: A Log-Structured Learned-Less Index 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,720 HIRE: A Hybrid Learned Index for Robust and Efficient Performance under Mixed Workloads 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,762 The Case For Language Model Approximated LIKE Predicate 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,915 Rethinking Learned Index and LSM-tree Integration 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,127 A Workload-Aware Encrypted Index for Efficient Privacy-Preserving Range Queries 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,134 LiBox: A Learned Index as an Array to Minimize Last-Mile Search 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,191 VEGA: An Active-tuning Learned Index with Group-Wise Learning Granularity 2025 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 25 of 25 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
40 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00046249672
74 Automatic Database Management System Tuning Through Large-scale Machine Learning 2017 SIGMOD 0.00037164008
142 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.00029114937
209 Cache Conscious Indexing for Decision-Support in Main Memory 1999 VLDB 0.00024915373
221 ARIES/KVL: A Key-Value Locking Method for Concurrency Control of Multiaction Transactions Operating on B-Tree Indexes 1990 VLDB 0.0002420049
224 Self-Driving Database Management Systems 2017 CIDR 0.00023973185
230 A Study of Index Structures for Main Memory Database Management Systems 1986 VLDB 0.00023845485
280 FAST: Fast Architecture Sensitive Tree Search on Modern CPUs and GPUs 2010 SIGMOD 0.00022267903
405 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00019020138
427 ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index 2020 SIGMOD 0.00018429918
458 Query-based Workload Forecasting for Self-Driving Database Management Systems 2018 SIGMOD 0.00017870238
461 The PGM-index: a fully-dynamic compressed learned index with provable worst-case bounds 2020 VLDB 0.00017835351
545 Plan-Structured Deep Neural Network Models for Query Performance Prediction 2019 VLDB 0.0001657599
548 Improving Index Performance through Prefetching 2001 SIGMOD 0.00016534019
632 Persistent B+-Trees in Non-Volatile Main Memory 2015 VLDB 0.00015366735
774 FITing-Tree: A Data-aware Index Structure 2019 SIGMOD 0.00014063511
834 Benchmarking Learned Indexes 2021 VLDB 0.00013539098
870 Learning Multi-dimensional Indexes 2020 SIGMOD 0.0001332034
906 HOT: A Height Optimized Trie Index for Main-Memory Database Systems 2018 SIGMOD 0.00013129817
1,132 Qd-tree: Learning Data Layouts for Big Data Analytics 2020 SIGMOD 0.00011873466
1,436 Towards a Learning Optimizer for Shared Clouds 2019 VLDB 0.00010658836
1,863 LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory 2020 VLDB 9.4679185e-05
3,062 Towards a Hands-Free Query Optimizer through Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 7.6809918e-05
3,679 Leaper: A Learned Prefetcher for Cache Invalidation in LSM-tree based Storage Engines 2020 VLDB 7.0849238e-05
3,715 The Case for a Learned Sorting Algorithm 2020 SIGMOD 7.0549546e-05
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# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
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