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Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions

Summary: LIPP is a fully updatable learned-index framework whose tree extensions preserve precise leaf positions, avoiding lookup degradation under inserts/deletes. Dynamic height adjustment yields bounded trees and up to 4× gains across mixed workloads. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
h9f25fd6bc639fb68
Venue
VLDB
Year
2021
Pagerank
0.00010282449
Overall Rank
1,550 | 89.59%
DOI
10.14778/3457390.3457393

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{wu_vldb21,
        title = {{Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions}},
        author = {Wu, Jiacheng and Zhang, Yong and Chen, Shimin and Wang, Jin and Chen, Yu and Xing, Chunxiao},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '21},
        volume = {14},
        number = {8},
        pages = {1276--1288},
        doi = {10.14778/3457390.3457393},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3457390.3457393},
        year = {2021}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 42 of 42 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2,636 Are Updatable Learned Indexes Ready? 2022 VLDB 8.1941043e-05
2,866 APEX: A High-Performance Learned Index on Persistent Memory 2022 VLDB 7.9258875e-05
3,697 Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation 2023 VLDB 7.0882335e-05
3,803 CARMI: A Cache-Aware Learned Index with a Cost-based Construction Algorithm 2022 VLDB 7.0127652e-05
4,375 DILI: A Distribution-Driven Learned Index 2023 VLDB 6.6292167e-05
4,508 NFL: Robust Learned Index via Distribution Transformation 2022 VLDB 6.5704964e-05
4,641 PLIN: A Persistent Learned Index for Non-Volatile Memory with High Performance and Instant Recovery 2023 VLDB 6.4899953e-05
4,850 The RLR-Tree: A Reinforcement Learning Based R-Tree for Spatial Data 2023 SIGMOD 6.3808017e-05
5,537 Updatable Learned Indexes Meet Disk-Resident DBMS - From Evaluations to Design Choices 2023 SIGMOD 6.0919359e-05
5,571 FILM: a Fully Learned Index for Larger-than-Memory Databases 2023 VLDB 6.080267e-05
5,974 Towards instance-optimized data systems 2021 VLDB 5.9305575e-05
6,595 LMSFC: A Novel Multidimensional Index based on Learned Monotonic Space Filling Curves 2023 VLDB 5.7413481e-05
6,821 Making In-Memory Learned Indexes Efficient on Disk 2024 SIGMOD 5.6720444e-05
6,863 Accelerating String-key Learned Index Structures via Memoization-based Incremental Training 2024 VLDB 5.6607844e-05
7,018 SALI: A Scalable Adaptive Learned Index Framework based on Probability Models 2023 SIGMOD 5.619958e-05
7,154 Adaptive Hybrid Indexes 2022 SIGMOD 5.597934e-05
7,372 LITS: An Optimized Learned Index for Strings 2024 VLDB 5.5403496e-05
7,535 Hyper: A High-Performance and Memory-Efficient Learned Index via Hybrid Construction 2024 SIGMOD 5.5003117e-05
8,196 WISK: A Workload-aware Learned Index for Spatial Keyword Queries 2023 SIGMOD 5.3794981e-05
8,200 Algorithmic Complexity Attacks on Dynamic Learned Indexes 2024 VLDB 5.3787447e-05
8,385 NeurDB: On the Design and Implementation of an AI-powered Autonomous Database 2025 CIDR 5.3420959e-05
8,403 The Case for Learned In-Memory Joins 2023 VLDB 5.3389852e-05
8,418 Femur: A Flexible Framework for Fast and Secure Querying from Public Key-Value Store 2025 SIGMOD 5.3350162e-05
8,753 A New Paradigm in Tuning Learned Indexes: A Reinforcement Learning Enhanced Approach 2025 SIGMOD 5.2846898e-05
8,873 Why Are Learned Indexes So Effective but Sometimes Ineffective? 2025 VLDB 5.2582842e-05
9,145 One Seed, Two Birds: A Unified Learned Structure for Exact and Approximate Counting 2024 SIGMOD 5.220115e-05
9,593 Can Learned Indexes be Built Efficiently? A Deep Dive into Sampling Trade-offs 2024 SIGMOD 5.156392e-05
9,777 Understanding Robustness Issues of Updatable Learned Indexes: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 5.1314952e-05
10,185 SWIX: A Memory-efficient Sliding Window Learned Index 2024 SIGMOD 5.0651993e-05
10,474 LICO: An SIMD-Aware High-Performance Learned Inverted Index Compression Framework 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,475 LINE: A Learned Index with Group-Enhanced Leaves and Cache-Optimized Inner Tree 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,480 Mathematical Foundations of Poisoning Attacks on Linear Regression over Cumulative Distribution Functions 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,484 NeurBench: A Benchmark Suite for Learned Database Components with Drift Modeling: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,489 On Self-Designing Learned Indexes 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,575 High Performance or Low Memory? An Updatable Learned Index Framework for Time-Space Tradeoff 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,645 From Learning to Recycling: A Log-Structured Learned-Less Index 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,648 HIRE: A Hybrid Learned Index for Robust and Efficient Performance under Mixed Workloads 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,691 The Case For Language Model Approximated LIKE Predicate 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,844 Rethinking Learned Index and LSM-tree Integration 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,057 A Workload-Aware Encrypted Index for Efficient Privacy-Preserving Range Queries 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,064 LiBox: A Learned Index as an Array to Minimize Last-Mile Search 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,122 VEGA: An Active-tuning Learned Index with Group-Wise Learning Granularity 2025 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 25 of 25 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
40 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00046284649
78 Automatic Database Management System Tuning Through Large-scale Machine Learning 2017 SIGMOD 0.00036684414
145 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.0002908188
207 Cache Conscious Indexing for Decision-Support in Main Memory 1999 VLDB 0.00024970987
221 ARIES/KVL: A Key-Value Locking Method for Concurrency Control of Multiaction Transactions Operating on B-Tree Indexes 1990 VLDB 0.00024274803
224 Self-Driving Database Management Systems 2017 CIDR 0.00024013745
229 A Study of Index Structures for Main Memory Database Management Systems 1986 VLDB 0.00023911856
282 FAST: Fast Architecture Sensitive Tree Search on Modern CPUs and GPUs 2010 SIGMOD 0.00022264207
406 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00019045544
430 ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index 2020 SIGMOD 0.00018409112
460 Query-based Workload Forecasting for Self-Driving Database Management Systems 2018 SIGMOD 0.00017842695
463 The PGM-index: a fully-dynamic compressed learned index with provable worst-case bounds 2020 VLDB 0.00017804544
548 Improving Index Performance through Prefetching 2001 SIGMOD 0.00016569534
560 Plan-Structured Deep Neural Network Models for Query Performance Prediction 2019 VLDB 0.00016403151
631 Persistent B+-Trees in Non-Volatile Main Memory 2015 VLDB 0.0001541723
779 FITing-Tree: A Data-aware Index Structure 2019 SIGMOD 0.00014030069
848 Benchmarking Learned Indexes 2021 VLDB 0.00013506188
868 Learning Multi-dimensional Indexes 2020 SIGMOD 0.00013354403
907 HOT: A Height Optimized Trie Index for Main-Memory Database Systems 2018 SIGMOD 0.00013158824
1,132 Qd-tree: Learning Data Layouts for Big Data Analytics 2020 SIGMOD 0.00011898257
1,433 Towards a Learning Optimizer for Shared Clouds 2019 VLDB 0.00010677711
1,854 LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory 2020 VLDB 9.4991601e-05
3,060 Towards a Hands-Free Query Optimizer through Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 7.6928239e-05
3,671 Leaper: A Learned Prefetcher for Cache Invalidation in LSM-tree based Storage Engines 2020 VLDB 7.1100217e-05
3,714 The Case for a Learned Sorting Algorithm 2020 SIGMOD 7.0769061e-05
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