DBScholar

Back to papers

Learning Multi-dimensional Indexes

Summary: Flood is a learnable, in-memory multi-dimensional index that jointly optimizes structure and data layout to adapt to a dataset and workload. It delivers up to three orders of magnitude faster range scans than state-of-the-art alternatives, a building block for end-to-end learned DB systems. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h72ba21dacba08e3e
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2020
Pagerank
0.00013354403
Overall Rank
868 | 94.17%
DOI
10.1145/3318464.3380579

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{nathan_sigmod20,
        title = {{Learning Multi-dimensional Indexes}},
        author = {Nathan, Vikram and Ding, Jialin and Alizadeh, Mohammad and Kraska, Tim},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '20},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3318464.3380579},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3318464.3380579},
        year = {2020}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 24 of 74 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
8,946 HAP: An Efficient Hamming Space Index Based on Augmented Pigeonhole Principle 2022 SIGMOD 5.2532874e-05
8,947 Machine Unlearning in Learned Databases: An Experimental Analysis 2024 SIGMOD 5.2532248e-05
9,115 Check Out the Big Brain on BRAD: Simplifying Cloud Data Processing with Learned Automated Data Meshes 2023 VLDB 5.2271833e-05
9,383 RawVis: A System for Efficient In-situ Visual Analytics 2021 SIGMOD 5.1868213e-05
9,563 LeaFi: Data Series Indexes on Steroids with Learned Filters 2025 SIGMOD 5.1571823e-05
9,593 Can Learned Indexes be Built Efficiently? A Deep Dive into Sampling Trade-offs 2024 SIGMOD 5.156392e-05
9,741 LES3: Learning-based Exact Set Similarity Search 2021 VLDB 5.1349531e-05
9,918 Route Travel Time Estimation on A Road Network Revisited: Heterogeneity, Proximity, Periodicity and Dynamicity 2023 VLDB 5.1103839e-05
9,919 Waffle: In-memory Grid Index for Moving Objects with Reinforcement Learning-based Configuration Tuning System 2022 VLDB 5.1103839e-05
10,002 BT-Tree: A Reinforcement Learning Based Index for Big Trajectory Data 2024 SIGMOD 5.0979044e-05
10,043 The Image Calculator: 10x Faster Image-AI Inference by Replacing JPEG with Self-designing Storage Format 2024 SIGMOD 5.0921006e-05
10,048 Adaptive Indexing of Objects with Spatial Extent 2023 VLDB 5.0899328e-05
10,078 Accelerating Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in Hierarchical Graphs: Efficient Level Navigation with Shortcuts 2025 VLDB 5.0830849e-05
10,168 PLATON: Top-down R-tree Packing with Learned Partition Policy 2023 SIGMOD 5.0682654e-05
10,185 SWIX: A Memory-efficient Sliding Window Learned Index 2024 SIGMOD 5.0651993e-05
10,412 Are Learned DBMS Components Robust to Workload Drift?: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,475 LINE: A Learned Index with Group-Enhanced Leaves and Cache-Optimized Inner Tree 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,480 Mathematical Foundations of Poisoning Attacks on Linear Regression over Cumulative Distribution Functions 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,656 LM-Tree: A Hybrid Learned Index for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,751 Toward Drift-Aware Database Benchmarking 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,851 GAS: A Lightweight Framework for Filtered Search over Wide-table Vectors 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,057 A Workload-Aware Encrypted Index for Efficient Privacy-Preserving Range Queries 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,113 Optimizing Block Skipping for High-Dimensional Data with Learned Adaptive Curve 2025 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
11,365 Benchmarking Adaptive Multidimensional Indices 2025 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
Previous Page 2 / 2 Next

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 19 of 19 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
12 C-Store: A Column-oriented DBMS 2005 VLDB 0.00068998927
40 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00046284649
59 Differential Files: Their Application To The Maintenance Of Large Data Bases 1976 SIGMOD 0.00039605949
151 An Efficient, Cost-Driven Index Selection Tool for Microsoft SQL Server 1997 VLDB 0.00028672526
179 The Vertica Analytic Database: C-Store 7 Years Later 2012 VLDB 0.00026611886
253 Database Cracking 2007 CIDR 0.00023042111
430 ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index 2020 SIGMOD 0.00018409112
460 Query-based Workload Forecasting for Self-Driving Database Management Systems 2018 SIGMOD 0.00017842695
555 SageDB: A Learned Database System 2019 CIDR 0.00016506678
664 Progressive Approximate Aggregate Queries with a Multi-Resolution Tree Structure 2001 SIGMOD 0.00014995058
1,060 Lightweight Graphical Models for Selectivity Estimation Without Independence Assumptions 2011 VLDB 0.00012224575
1,156 QuickSel: Quick Selectivity Learning with Mixture Models 2020 SIGMOD 0.00011777105
1,605 The Data Calculator*: Data Structure Design and Cost Synthesis from First Principles and Learned Cost Models 2018 SIGMOD 0.00010093796
1,694 Self-organizing Tuple Reconstruction in Column-stores 2009 SIGMOD 9.8562172e-05
2,198 Integrating the UB-Tree into a Database System Kernel 2000 VLDB 8.8759215e-05
2,238 Designing Succinct Secondary Indexing Mechanism by Exploiting Column Correlations 2019 SIGMOD 8.7751619e-05
2,329 Correlation Maps: A Compressed Access Method for Exploiting Soft Functional Dependencies 2009 VLDB 8.6292256e-05
2,383 The Uncracked Pieces in Database Cracking 2014 VLDB 8.5435328e-05
5,292 Twin Grid Files: Space Optimizing Access Schemes 1988 SIGMOD 6.1924532e-05
Previous Page 1 / 1 Next

Semantically Similar Papers

# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
1 4,711 Learned Index Benefits: Machine Learning Based Index Performance Estimation 2022 VLDB
2 10,048 Adaptive Indexing of Objects with Spatial Extent 2023 VLDB
3 2,706 On Effective Multi-Dimensional Indexing for Strings 2000 SIGMOD
4 848 Benchmarking Learned Indexes 2021 VLDB
5 11,059 Index Intersection for High-Dimensional Range Queries 2026 VLDB
6 1,527 On the Analysis of Indexing Schemes 1997 PODS
7 2,636 Are Updatable Learned Indexes Ready? 2022 VLDB
8 3,697 Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation 2023 VLDB
9 1,191 Tsunami: A Learned Multi-dimensional Index for Correlated Data and Skewed Workloads 2021 VLDB
10 11,365 Benchmarking Adaptive Multidimensional Indices 2025 VLDB