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LINE: A Learned Index with Group-Enhanced Leaves and Cache-Optimized Inner Tree

Summary: LINE combines linear-model group-enhanced leaves with in-group hashing for locally hard distributions and a cache-aware PLA-built inner tree for global skew. Group-wise SMO migration reduces worst-case tail latency, delivering up to 5.8× improvement. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 26 2026)

Paper ID
h3377c33a14827de8
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2026
Pagerank
4.9793485e-05
Overall Rank
10,475 | 29.58%
DOI
10.1145/3802080

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Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{chen_sigmod26,
        title = {{LINE: A Learned Index with Group-Enhanced Leaves and Cache-Optimized Inner Tree}},
        author = {Chen, Leying and Chen, Shimin},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '26},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3802080},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3802080},
        year = {2026}
}

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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 31 of 31 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
40 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00046284649
430 ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index 2020 SIGMOD 0.00018409112
463 The PGM-index: a fully-dynamic compressed learned index with provable worst-case bounds 2020 VLDB 0.00017804544
555 SageDB: A Learned Database System 2019 CIDR 0.00016506678
779 FITing-Tree: A Data-aware Index Structure 2019 SIGMOD 0.00014030069
868 Learning Multi-dimensional Indexes 2020 SIGMOD 0.00013354403
1,191 Tsunami: A Learned Multi-dimensional Index for Correlated Data and Skewed Workloads 2021 VLDB 0.00011590153
1,320 Building a Bw-Tree Takes More Than Just Buzz Words 2018 SIGMOD 0.00011045319
1,446 LISA: A Learned Index Structure for Spatial Data 2020 SIGMOD 0.00010629222
1,550 Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions 2021 VLDB 0.00010282449
1,854 LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory 2020 VLDB 9.4991601e-05
1,878 Effectively Learning Spatial Indices 2020 VLDB 9.4451309e-05
2,277 FINEdex: A Fine-grained Learned Index Scheme for Scalable and Concurrent Memory Systems 2022 VLDB 8.7075835e-05
2,636 Are Updatable Learned Indexes Ready? 2022 VLDB 8.1941043e-05
2,866 APEX: A High-Performance Learned Index on Persistent Memory 2022 VLDB 7.9258875e-05
3,206 CDFShop: Exploring and Optimizing Learned Index Structures 2020 SIGMOD 7.5397402e-05
3,697 Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation 2023 VLDB 7.0882335e-05
3,803 CARMI: A Cache-Aware Learned Index with a Cost-based Construction Algorithm 2022 VLDB 7.0127652e-05
4,375 DILI: A Distribution-Driven Learned Index 2023 VLDB 6.6292167e-05
4,508 NFL: Robust Learned Index via Distribution Transformation 2022 VLDB 6.5704964e-05
4,641 PLIN: A Persistent Learned Index for Non-Volatile Memory with High Performance and Instant Recovery 2023 VLDB 6.4899953e-05
4,890 Can Learned Models Replace Hash Functions? 2023 VLDB 6.3682031e-05
5,337 MxTasks: How to Make Efficient Synchronization and Prefetching Easy 2021 SIGMOD 6.1744712e-05
5,571 FILM: a Fully Learned Index for Larger-than-Memory Databases 2023 VLDB 6.080267e-05
7,018 SALI: A Scalable Adaptive Learned Index Framework based on Probability Models 2023 SIGMOD 5.619958e-05
7,372 LITS: An Optimized Learned Index for Strings 2024 VLDB 5.5403496e-05
7,535 Hyper: A High-Performance and Memory-Efficient Learned Index via Hybrid Construction 2024 SIGMOD 5.5003117e-05
8,196 WISK: A Workload-aware Learned Index for Spatial Keyword Queries 2023 SIGMOD 5.3794981e-05
8,241 Pea Hash: A Performant Extendible Adaptive Hashing Index 2023 SIGMOD 5.370431e-05
8,378 Tuning Hierarchical Learned Indexes on Disk and Beyond 2022 SIGMOD 5.3433888e-05
10,185 SWIX: A Memory-efficient Sliding Window Learned Index 2024 SIGMOD 5.0651993e-05
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