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LINE: A Learned Index with Group-Enhanced Leaves and Cache-Optimized Inner Tree

Summary: LINE combines linear-model group-enhanced leaves with in-group hashing for locally hard distributions and a cache-aware PLA-built inner tree for global skew. Group-wise SMO migration reduces worst-case tail latency, delivering up to 5.8× improvement. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 26 2026)

Paper ID
h3377c33a14827de8
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2026
Pagerank
4.9769913e-05
Overall Rank
10,486 | 29.53%
DOI
10.1145/3802080
PDF
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Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{chen_sigmod26,
        title = {{LINE: A Learned Index with Group-Enhanced Leaves and Cache-Optimized Inner Tree}},
        author = {Chen, Leying and Chen, Shimin},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '26},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3802080},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3802080},
        year = {2026}
}

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Showing 31 of 31 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
40 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00046363107
422 ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index 2020 SIGMOD 0.00018488849
458 The PGM-index: a fully-dynamic compressed learned index with provable worst-case bounds 2020 VLDB 0.00017880664
555 SageDB: A Learned Database System 2019 CIDR 0.0001650754
768 FITing-Tree: A Data-aware Index Structure 2019 SIGMOD 0.00014107655
869 Learning Multi-dimensional Indexes 2020 SIGMOD 0.00013363241
1,188 Tsunami: A Learned Multi-dimensional Index for Correlated Data and Skewed Workloads 2021 VLDB 0.00011598149
1,316 Building a Bw-Tree Takes More Than Just Buzz Words 2018 SIGMOD 0.00011046804
1,440 LISA: A Learned Index Structure for Spatial Data 2020 SIGMOD 0.00010638444
1,525 Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions 2021 VLDB 0.00010355133
1,856 LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory 2020 VLDB 9.4960518e-05
1,877 Effectively Learning Spatial Indices 2020 VLDB 9.4498401e-05
2,270 FINEdex: A Fine-grained Learned Index Scheme for Scalable and Concurrent Memory Systems 2022 VLDB 8.7166469e-05
2,582 Are Updatable Learned Indexes Ready? 2022 VLDB 8.2641447e-05
2,861 APEX: A High-Performance Learned Index on Persistent Memory 2022 VLDB 7.9295281e-05
3,198 CDFShop: Exploring and Optimizing Learned Index Structures 2020 SIGMOD 7.5422544e-05
3,621 Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation 2023 VLDB 7.1510804e-05
3,710 CARMI: A Cache-Aware Learned Index with a Cost-based Construction Algorithm 2022 VLDB 7.0775695e-05
4,362 NFL: Robust Learned Index via Distribution Transformation 2022 VLDB 6.6357559e-05
4,366 DILI: A Distribution-Driven Learned Index 2023 VLDB 6.6330579e-05
4,635 PLIN: A Persistent Learned Index for Non-Volatile Memory with High Performance and Instant Recovery 2023 VLDB 6.4904555e-05
4,890 Can Learned Models Replace Hash Functions? 2023 VLDB 6.3663299e-05
5,344 MxTasks: How to Make Efficient Synchronization and Prefetching Easy 2021 SIGMOD 6.1716571e-05
5,405 FILM: a Fully Learned Index for Larger-than-Memory Databases 2023 VLDB 6.1435108e-05
6,787 SALI: A Scalable Adaptive Learned Index Framework based on Probability Models 2023 SIGMOD 5.6810904e-05
7,082 LITS: An Optimized Learned Index for Strings 2024 VLDB 5.6010119e-05
7,297 Hyper: A High-Performance and Memory-Efficient Learned Index via Hybrid Construction 2024 SIGMOD 5.5609237e-05
8,204 WISK: A Workload-aware Learned Index for Spatial Keyword Queries 2023 SIGMOD 5.3769515e-05
8,247 Pea Hash: A Performant Extendible Adaptive Hashing Index 2023 SIGMOD 5.3678887e-05
8,382 Tuning Hierarchical Learned Indexes on Disk and Beyond 2022 SIGMOD 5.341043e-05
10,188 SWIX: A Memory-efficient Sliding Window Learned Index 2024 SIGMOD 5.0628015e-05
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