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LearnedSQLGen: Constraint-aware SQL Generation using Reinforcement Learning

Summary: Constraint-aware SQL generation via RL: LearnedSQLGen steers query synthesis toward constraint satisfaction using exploration–exploitation and execution feedback. Finite-state machine enforces valid SQL; benchmarks show ~30% accuracy gain and 10–35× speedups. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h9f8096f073a1c663
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2022
Pagerank
6.5553854e-05
Overall Rank
4,508 | 69.79%
DOI
10.1145/3514221.3526155

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{zhang_sigmod22,
        title = {{LearnedSQLGen: Constraint-aware SQL Generation using Reinforcement Learning}},
        author = {Zhang, Lixi and Chai, Chengliang and Zhou, Xuanhe and Li, Guoliang},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '22},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3514221.3526155},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3514221.3526155},
        year = {2022}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 12 of 12 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2,696 Cost-based or Learning-based? A Hybrid Query Optimizer for Query Plan Selection 2022 VLDB 8.1068354e-05
6,121 Breaking It Down: An In-depth Study of Index Advisors 2024 VLDB 5.863893e-05
8,061 Demonstrating SQLBarber: Leveraging Large Language Models to Generate Customized and Realistic SQL Workloads 2025 SIGMOD 5.3820955e-05
8,219 WISK: A Workload-aware Learned Index for Spatial Keyword Queries 2023 SIGMOD 5.359172e-05
8,225 Grep: A Graph Learning Based Database Partitioning System 2023 SIGMOD 5.3583852e-05
8,639 A Learned Query Rewrite System 2023 VLDB 5.2825942e-05
8,662 PBench: Workload Synthesizer with Real Statistics for Cloud Analytics Benchmarking 2025 VLDB 5.2781431e-05
9,256 SQL-Factory: A Multi-Agent Framework for High-Quality and Large-Scale SQL Generation 2026 VLDB 5.1860131e-05
9,494 SQLBarber: A System Leveraging Large Language Models to Generate Customized and Realistic SQL Workloads 2026 SIGMOD 5.1541298e-05
9,707 Robustness of Updatable Learning-based Index Advisors against Poisoning Attack 2024 SIGMOD 5.1254261e-05
10,705 Divo: Learning a Stable and Effective Query Optimizer with a Diverse Workload 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
11,066 Persona-Conditioned Query Generation for Selectivity-Controlled Workloads 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 27 of 27 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
158 Deep Learning for Entity Matching: A Design Space Exploration 2018 SIGMOD 0.00028049555
309 An End-to-End Automatic Cloud Database Tuning System Using Deep Reinforcement Learning 2019 SIGMOD 0.0002143249
378 Massive Stochastic Testing of SQL 1998 VLDB 0.000196128
411 QTune: A Query-Aware Database Tuning System with Deep Reinforcement Learning 2019 VLDB 0.0001874043
427 ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index 2020 SIGMOD 0.00018429918
676 Robust Estimation of Resource Consumption for SQL Queries using Statistical Techniques 2012 VLDB 0.00014838681
870 Learning Multi-dimensional Indexes 2020 SIGMOD 0.0001332034
983 Cardinality Estimation in DBMS: A Comprehensive Benchmark Evaluation 2022 VLDB 0.00012677179
1,294 An Inquiry into Machine Learning-based Automatic Configuration Tuning Services on Real-World Database Management Systems 2021 VLDB 0.00011129451
1,513 DSB: A Decision Support Benchmark for Workload-Driven and Traditional Database Systems 2021 VLDB 0.00010394557
1,900 Design Continuums and the Path Toward Self-Designing Key-Value Stores that Know and Learn 2019 CIDR 9.3926585e-05
1,901 Generating Targeted Queries for Database Testing 2008 SIGMOD 9.3902763e-05
2,389 A Learned Query Rewrite System using Monte Carlo Tree Search 2022 VLDB 8.5228689e-05
2,768 Query Performance Prediction for Concurrent Queries using Graph Embedding 2020 VLDB 8.0199086e-05
2,913 AI Meets Database: AI4DB and DB4AI 2021 SIGMOD 7.855786e-05
3,474 DIAMetrics: Benchmarking Query Engines at Scale 2020 VLDB 7.256029e-05
3,740 FACE: A Normalizing Flow based Cardinality Estimator 2022 VLDB 7.0398782e-05
3,959 MB2: Decomposed Behavior Modeling for Self-Driving Database Management Systems 2021 SIGMOD 6.8804723e-05
4,022 Automated Generation of Materialized Views in Oracle 2020 VLDB 6.8345671e-05
4,127 A genetic approach for random testing of database systems 2007 VLDB 6.7775018e-05
4,166 SQLCheck: Automated Detection and Diagnosis of SQL Anti-Patterns 2020 SIGMOD 6.7549236e-05
4,765 Machine Learning for Databases 2021 VLDB 6.4166895e-05
4,792 Learned Approximate Query Processing: Make it Light, Accurate and Fast 2021 CIDR 6.4010108e-05
4,890 Selective Data Acquisition in the Wild for Model Charging 2022 VLDB 6.3508492e-05
5,546 Database Benchmarking for Supporting Real-Time Interactive Querying of Large Data 2020 SIGMOD 6.071729e-05
7,064 Human-in-the-loop Outlier Detection 2020 SIGMOD 5.5930864e-05
7,517 DBMind: A Self-Driving Platform in openGauss 2021 VLDB 5.4895762e-05
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