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LearnedSQLGen: Constraint-aware SQL Generation using Reinforcement Learning

Summary: Constraint-aware SQL generation via RL: LearnedSQLGen steers query synthesis toward constraint satisfaction using exploration–exploitation and execution feedback. Finite-state machine enforces valid SQL; benchmarks show ~30% accuracy gain and 10–35× speedups. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h9f8096f073a1c663
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2022
Pagerank
6.5802486e-05
Overall Rank
4,482 | 69.87%
DOI
10.1145/3514221.3526155

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{zhang_sigmod22,
        title = {{LearnedSQLGen: Constraint-aware SQL Generation using Reinforcement Learning}},
        author = {Zhang, Lixi and Chai, Chengliang and Zhou, Xuanhe and Li, Guoliang},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '22},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3514221.3526155},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3514221.3526155},
        year = {2022}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 12 of 12 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2,690 Cost-based or Learning-based? A Hybrid Query Optimizer for Query Plan Selection 2022 VLDB 8.1258173e-05
6,105 Breaking It Down: An In-depth Study of Index Advisors 2024 VLDB 5.8860941e-05
8,036 Demonstrating SQLBarber: Leveraging Large Language Models to Generate Customized and Realistic SQL Workloads 2025 SIGMOD 5.4025086e-05
8,196 WISK: A Workload-aware Learned Index for Spatial Keyword Queries 2023 SIGMOD 5.3794981e-05
8,202 Grep: A Graph Learning Based Database Partitioning System 2023 SIGMOD 5.378708e-05
8,622 A Learned Query Rewrite System 2023 VLDB 5.3012467e-05
8,636 PBench: Workload Synthesizer with Real Statistics for Cloud Analytics Benchmarking 2025 VLDB 5.2981619e-05
9,222 SQL-Factory: A Multi-Agent Framework for High-Quality and Large-Scale SQL Generation 2026 VLDB 5.2056825e-05
9,454 SQLBarber: A System Leveraging Large Language Models to Generate Customized and Realistic SQL Workloads 2026 SIGMOD 5.1736782e-05
9,671 Robustness of Updatable Learning-based Index Advisors against Poisoning Attack 2024 SIGMOD 5.1448657e-05
10,633 Divo: Learning a Stable and Effective Query Optimizer with a Diverse Workload 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,996 Persona-Conditioned Query Generation for Selectivity-Controlled Workloads 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 27 of 27 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
158 Deep Learning for Entity Matching: A Design Space Exploration 2018 SIGMOD 0.00028046388
314 An End-to-End Automatic Cloud Database Tuning System Using Deep Reinforcement Learning 2019 SIGMOD 0.00021282642
383 Massive Stochastic Testing of SQL 1998 VLDB 0.00019484034
430 ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index 2020 SIGMOD 0.00018409112
437 QTune: A Query-Aware Database Tuning System with Deep Reinforcement Learning 2019 VLDB 0.00018315867
682 Robust Estimation of Resource Consumption for SQL Queries using Statistical Techniques 2012 VLDB 0.0001481781
868 Learning Multi-dimensional Indexes 2020 SIGMOD 0.00013354403
982 Cardinality Estimation in DBMS: A Comprehensive Benchmark Evaluation 2022 VLDB 0.00012714044
1,289 An Inquiry into Machine Learning-based Automatic Configuration Tuning Services on Real-World Database Management Systems 2021 VLDB 0.00011162479
1,515 DSB: A Decision Support Benchmark for Workload-Driven and Traditional Database Systems 2021 VLDB 0.00010417728
1,889 Design Continuums and the Path Toward Self-Designing Key-Value Stores that Know and Learn 2019 CIDR 9.4273689e-05
1,890 Generating Targeted Queries for Database Testing 2008 SIGMOD 9.4193315e-05
2,395 A Learned Query Rewrite System using Monte Carlo Tree Search 2022 VLDB 8.5281914e-05
2,842 Query Performance Prediction for Concurrent Queries using Graph Embedding 2020 VLDB 7.949193e-05
2,908 AI Meets Database: AI4DB and DB4AI 2021 SIGMOD 7.8742664e-05
3,465 DIAMetrics: Benchmarking Query Engines at Scale 2020 VLDB 7.2808932e-05
3,741 FACE: A Normalizing Flow based Cardinality Estimator 2022 VLDB 7.0594076e-05
3,965 MB2: Decomposed Behavior Modeling for Self-Driving Database Management Systems 2021 SIGMOD 6.8918628e-05
4,007 Automated Generation of Materialized Views in Oracle 2020 VLDB 6.8592987e-05
4,113 A genetic approach for random testing of database systems 2007 VLDB 6.7985257e-05
4,149 SQLCheck: Automated Detection and Diagnosis of SQL Anti-Patterns 2020 SIGMOD 6.7796171e-05
4,741 Machine Learning for Databases 2021 VLDB 6.4410027e-05
4,781 Learned Approximate Query Processing: Make it Light, Accurate and Fast 2021 CIDR 6.4162085e-05
4,867 Selective Data Acquisition in the Wild for Model Charging 2022 VLDB 6.3749346e-05
5,573 Database Benchmarking for Supporting Real-Time Interactive Querying of Large Data 2020 SIGMOD 6.0794156e-05
7,042 Human-in-the-loop Outlier Detection 2020 SIGMOD 5.6142998e-05
7,492 DBMind: A Self-Driving Platform in openGauss 2021 VLDB 5.510397e-05
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