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LearnedSQLGen: Constraint-aware SQL Generation using Reinforcement Learning

Summary: Constraint-aware SQL generation via RL: LearnedSQLGen steers query synthesis toward constraint satisfaction using exploration–exploitation and execution feedback. Finite-state machine enforces valid SQL; benchmarks show ~30% accuracy gain and 10–35× speedups. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h9f8096f073a1c663
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2022
Pagerank
6.5771335e-05
Overall Rank
4,485 | 69.86%
DOI
10.1145/3514221.3526155

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{zhang_sigmod22,
        title = {{LearnedSQLGen: Constraint-aware SQL Generation using Reinforcement Learning}},
        author = {Zhang, Lixi and Chai, Chengliang and Zhou, Xuanhe and Li, Guoliang},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '22},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3514221.3526155},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3514221.3526155},
        year = {2022}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 12 of 12 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2,686 Cost-based or Learning-based? A Hybrid Query Optimizer for Query Plan Selection 2022 VLDB 8.1300913e-05
6,107 Breaking It Down: An In-depth Study of Index Advisors 2024 VLDB 5.8833461e-05
8,043 Demonstrating SQLBarber: Leveraging Large Language Models to Generate Customized and Realistic SQL Workloads 2025 SIGMOD 5.3999511e-05
8,204 WISK: A Workload-aware Learned Index for Spatial Keyword Queries 2023 SIGMOD 5.3769515e-05
8,210 Grep: A Graph Learning Based Database Partitioning System 2023 SIGMOD 5.3761621e-05
8,620 A Learned Query Rewrite System 2023 VLDB 5.3001197e-05
8,643 PBench: Workload Synthesizer with Real Statistics for Cloud Analytics Benchmarking 2025 VLDB 5.2956539e-05
9,232 SQL-Factory: A Multi-Agent Framework for High-Quality and Large-Scale SQL Generation 2026 VLDB 5.2032182e-05
9,463 SQLBarber: A System Leveraging Large Language Models to Generate Customized and Realistic SQL Workloads 2026 SIGMOD 5.1712291e-05
9,677 Robustness of Updatable Learning-based Index Advisors against Poisoning Attack 2024 SIGMOD 5.1424302e-05
10,644 Divo: Learning a Stable and Effective Query Optimizer with a Diverse Workload 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
11,005 Persona-Conditioned Query Generation for Selectivity-Controlled Workloads 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 27 of 27 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
158 Deep Learning for Entity Matching: A Design Space Exploration 2018 SIGMOD 0.00028038831
314 An End-to-End Automatic Cloud Database Tuning System Using Deep Reinforcement Learning 2019 SIGMOD 0.00021276452
383 Massive Stochastic Testing of SQL 1998 VLDB 0.00019474868
422 ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index 2020 SIGMOD 0.00018488849
437 QTune: A Query-Aware Database Tuning System with Deep Reinforcement Learning 2019 VLDB 0.00018310278
682 Robust Estimation of Resource Consumption for SQL Queries using Statistical Techniques 2012 VLDB 0.00014814858
869 Learning Multi-dimensional Indexes 2020 SIGMOD 0.00013363241
981 Cardinality Estimation in DBMS: A Comprehensive Benchmark Evaluation 2022 VLDB 0.00012713454
1,289 An Inquiry into Machine Learning-based Automatic Configuration Tuning Services on Real-World Database Management Systems 2021 VLDB 0.00011159167
1,515 DSB: A Decision Support Benchmark for Workload-Driven and Traditional Database Systems 2021 VLDB 0.00010418766
1,891 Design Continuums and the Path Toward Self-Designing Key-Value Stores that Know and Learn 2019 CIDR 9.4233024e-05
1,893 Generating Targeted Queries for Database Testing 2008 SIGMOD 9.4149369e-05
2,393 A Learned Query Rewrite System using Monte Carlo Tree Search 2022 VLDB 8.5298464e-05
2,837 Query Performance Prediction for Concurrent Queries using Graph Embedding 2020 VLDB 7.9495917e-05
2,908 AI Meets Database: AI4DB and DB4AI 2021 SIGMOD 7.8716173e-05
3,462 DIAMetrics: Benchmarking Query Engines at Scale 2020 VLDB 7.280037e-05
3,742 FACE: A Normalizing Flow based Cardinality Estimator 2022 VLDB 7.0564546e-05
3,964 MB2: Decomposed Behavior Modeling for Self-Driving Database Management Systems 2021 SIGMOD 6.889374e-05
4,007 Automated Generation of Materialized Views in Oracle 2020 VLDB 6.8561069e-05
4,115 A genetic approach for random testing of database systems 2007 VLDB 6.7953368e-05
4,149 SQLCheck: Automated Detection and Diagnosis of SQL Anti-Patterns 2020 SIGMOD 6.7767951e-05
4,743 Machine Learning for Databases 2021 VLDB 6.4379536e-05
4,779 Learned Approximate Query Processing: Make it Light, Accurate and Fast 2021 CIDR 6.416435e-05
4,869 Selective Data Acquisition in the Wild for Model Charging 2022 VLDB 6.3719187e-05
5,573 Database Benchmarking for Supporting Real-Time Interactive Querying of Large Data 2020 SIGMOD 6.0774723e-05
7,043 Human-in-the-loop Outlier Detection 2020 SIGMOD 5.611642e-05
7,499 DBMind: A Self-Driving Platform in openGauss 2021 VLDB 5.5077884e-05
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