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Cost-based or Learning-based? A Hybrid Query Optimizer for Query Plan Selection

Summary: Hybrid query optimization combines learning-generated hints with cost-based completion to produce candidate plans. An uncertainty-aware runtime model selects among them, improving robustness on dynamic workloads and cutting PostgreSQL total latency 25% and tail latency 65%. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
he1e5596e3f13b8bc
Venue
VLDB
Year
2022
Pagerank
8.1258173e-05
Overall Rank
2,690 | 81.92%
DOI
10.14778/3565838.3565846

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{yu_vldb22,
        title = {{Cost-based or Learning-based? A Hybrid Query Optimizer for Query Plan Selection}},
        author = {Yu, Xiang and Chai, Chengliang and Li, Guoliang and Liu, Jiabin},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '22},
        volume = {15},
        number = {13},
        pages = {3924--3936},
        doi = {10.14778/3565838.3565846},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3565838.3565846},
        year = {2022}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 36 of 36 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
3,697 Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation 2023 VLDB 7.0882335e-05
4,683 AutoSteer: Learned Query Optimization for Any SQL Database 2023 VLDB 6.4716143e-05
4,718 Chat2Data: An Interactive Data Analysis System with RAG, Vector Databases and LLMs 2024 VLDB 6.4551989e-05
5,241 FASTgres: Making Learned Query Optimizer Hinting Effective 2023 VLDB 6.2154384e-05
5,456 Eraser: Eliminating Performance Regression on Learned Query Optimizer 2024 VLDB 6.1239873e-05
5,649 Sample-Efficient Cardinality Estimation Using Geometric Deep Learning 2024 VLDB 6.052326e-05
5,788 Lemo: A Cache-Enhanced Learned Optimizer for Concurrent Queries 2023 SIGMOD 5.9947442e-05
5,871 PilotScope: Steering Databases with Machine Learning Drivers 2024 VLDB 5.9639223e-05
6,308 Is Your Learned Query Optimizer Behaving As You Expect? A Machine Learning Perspective 2024 VLDB 5.8177833e-05
6,586 Can Large Language Models Be Query Optimizer for Relational Databases? 2026 SIGMOD 5.7430662e-05
6,632 Join Order Selection with Deep Reinforcement Learning: Fundamentals, Techniques, and Challenges 2023 VLDB 5.7270153e-05
7,258 Learned Data-aware Image Representations of Line Charts for Similarity Search 2023 SIGMOD 5.572114e-05
8,202 Grep: A Graph Learning Based Database Partitioning System 2023 SIGMOD 5.378708e-05
8,332 Learned Offline Query Planning via Bayesian Optimization 2025 SIGMOD 5.3528188e-05
8,800 PACE: Poisoning Attacks on Learned Cardinality Estimation 2024 SIGMOD 5.2742531e-05
8,879 Spatial Query Optimization With Learning 2024 VLDB 5.2568354e-05
9,179 FEBench: A Benchmark for Real-Time Relational Data Feature Extraction 2023 VLDB 5.2121898e-05
9,300 GenJoin: Conditional Generative Plan-to-Plan Query Optimizer that Learns from Subplan Hints 2026 SIGMOD 5.1987909e-05
9,610 LIMAO: A Framework for Lifelong Modular Learned Query Optimization 2025 VLDB 5.1526493e-05
9,670 Low Rank Learning for Offline Query Optimization 2025 SIGMOD 5.1452097e-05
9,956 Graph Transformers for Query Plan Representation: Potentials and Challenges 2025 VLDB 5.1038322e-05
10,336 An Elephant Under The Microscope: Analyzing The Interaction Of Optimizer Components In PostgreSQL 2025 SIGMOD 5.0200193e-05
10,412 Are Learned DBMS Components Robust to Workload Drift?: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,484 NeurBench: A Benchmark Suite for Learned Database Components with Drift Modeling: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,532 Rainbow: Risk-aware Index Benefit Estimation Facing Out Of Distribution Workloads 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,596 SEFRQO: A Self-Evolving Fine-Tuned RAG-Based Query Optimizer 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,633 Divo: Learning a Stable and Effective Query Optimizer with a Diverse Workload 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,679 Reqo: A Comprehensive Learning-Based Cost Model for Robust and Explainable Query Optimization 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,698 LIO: A lightweight and interpretable query optimizer based on an evolutionary forest 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,700 Sample-based Distinct Cardinality Estimation for Multiple Attributes in Multi-Dataset Queries 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,713 Robust Predicate Transfer with Dynamic Execution 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,938 Towards Industrial-Scale Parametric Query Optimization 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,283 Robust Plan Evaluation based on Approximate Probabilistic Machine Learning 2025 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,425 Learned Cost Models for Query Optimization: From Batch to Streaming Systems 2025 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,443 LEAP: A Low-cost Spark SQL Query Optimizer using Pairwise Comparison 2025 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,453 RankPQO: Learning-to-Rank for Parametric Query Optimization 2025 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 25 of 25 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1 Access Path Selection in a Relational Database Management System 1979 SIGMOD 0.0023947656
15 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00061066921
40 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00046284649
85 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00035864347
145 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.0002908188
318 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00021167555
321 Measuring the Complexity of Join Enumeration in Query Optimization 1990 VLDB 0.00021088704
362 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00019989474
406 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00019045544
437 QTune: A Query-Aware Database Tuning System with Deep Reinforcement Learning 2019 VLDB 0.00018315867
461 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.00017829982
512 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00017050173
560 Plan-Structured Deep Neural Network Models for Query Performance Prediction 2019 VLDB 0.00016403151
569 Towards a Robust Query Optimizer: A Principled and Practical Approach 2005 SIGMOD 0.00016245271
1,038 ARDA: Automatic Relational Data Augmentation for Machine Learning 2020 VLDB 0.00012370691
1,256 Towards Linear Algebra over Normalized Data 2017 VLDB 0.00011314687
1,603 SkinnerDB: Regret-Bounded Query Evaluation via Reinforcement Learning 2019 SIGMOD 0.00010097649
2,395 A Learned Query Rewrite System using Monte Carlo Tree Search 2022 VLDB 8.5281914e-05
2,522 Learned Cardinality Estimation: A Design Space Exploration and A Comparative Evaluation 2022 VLDB 8.3477168e-05
2,583 Fauce: Fast and Accurate Deep Ensembles with Uncertainty for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 8.2589758e-05
3,682 openGauss: An Autonomous Database System 2021 VLDB 7.1013922e-05
3,741 FACE: A Normalizing Flow based Cardinality Estimator 2022 VLDB 7.0594076e-05
4,482 LearnedSQLGen: Constraint-aware SQL Generation using Reinforcement Learning 2022 SIGMOD 6.5802486e-05
4,867 Selective Data Acquisition in the Wild for Model Charging 2022 VLDB 6.3749346e-05
7,201 Coresets over Multiple Tables for Feature-rich and Data-efficient Machine Learning 2023 VLDB 5.5871656e-05
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# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
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