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GTI: Graph-based Tree Index with Logarithm Updates for Nearest Neighbor Search in High-Dimensional Spaces

Summary: GTI combines a dataset-wide tree with a lightweight level-1 graph, reducing graph construction and enabling logarithmic-time insertions/deletions. It matches state-of-the-art approximate NNS, supports exact search, and delivers ~10× faster updates than tree-based indexes. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
hbb1f8b1f62a70ef7
Venue
VLDB
Year
2025
Pagerank
5.641565e-05
Overall Rank
6,921 | 53.49%
DOI
10.14778/3717755.3717760
PDF
Download (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{ma_vldb25,
        title = {{GTI: Graph-based Tree Index with Logarithm Updates for Nearest Neighbor Search in High-Dimensional Spaces}},
        author = {Ma, Ruiyao and Zhu, Yifan and Zheng, Baihua and Chen, Lu and Ge, Congcong and Gao, Yunjun},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '25},
        volume = {18},
        number = {4},
        pages = {986--999},
        doi = {10.14778/3717755.3717760},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3717755.3717760},
        year = {2025}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 6 of 6 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
5,620 A Topology-Aware Localized Update Strategy for Graph-Based ANN Index 2026 VLDB 6.0596841e-05
10,332 WoW: A Window-to-Window Incremental Index for Range-Filtering Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.0322912e-05
10,522 Through the Lens of Hubness: A Revisit on Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
10,635 CANDOR-Bench: Benchmarking In-Memory Continuous ANNS under Dynamic Open-World Streams [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
10,707 SVFusion: A CPU-GPU Co-Processing Architecture for Large-Scale Real-Time Vector Search 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
10,823 X-Wim: Massive Parallelization of Weighted Matching in Bipartite Graphs 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 28 of 28 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2 R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure For Spatial Searching 1984 SIGMOD 0.0019923528
4 The R*-tree: An Efficient and Robust Access Method for Points and Rectangles 1990 SIGMOD 0.0011402175
20 Similarity Search in High Dimensions via Hashing 1999 VLDB 0.0005758001
45 A Quantitative Analysis and Performance Study for Similarity-Search Methods in High-Dimensional Spaces 1998 VLDB 0.00045027197
56 M-tree: An Efficient Access Method for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces 1997 VLDB 0.00040363819
74 Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search With The Navigating Spreading-out Graph 2019 VLDB 0.00037145866
344 A Comprehensive Survey and Experimental Comparison of Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2021 VLDB 0.00020455839
352 The Query By Image Content (QBIC) System 1995 SIGMOD 0.00020218955
597 Distance-Based Indexing For High-Dimensional Metric Spaces 1997 SIGMOD 0.00015759877
648 HD-Index: Pushing the Scalability-Accuracy Boundary for Approximate kNN Search in High-Dimensional Spaces 2018 VLDB 0.00015156941
1,094 A Data-adaptive and Dynamic Segmentation Index for Whole Matching on Time Series 2013 VLDB 0.00012053453
1,166 Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in Multi-dimensional Databases 2023 SIGMOD 0.0001172922
1,325 VHP: Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search via Virtual Hypersphere Partitioning 2020 VLDB 0.00011016872
1,618 Towards Efficient Index Construction and Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in High-Dimensional Spaces 2023 VLDB 0.00010053127
1,681 HVS: Hierarchical Graph Structure Based on Voronoi Diagrams for Solving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2022 VLDB 9.8836287e-05
1,894 iDEC: Indexable Distance Estimating Codes for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2020 VLDB 9.4129766e-05
2,061 Similarity search in the blink of an eye with compressed indices 2023 VLDB 9.1002904e-05
2,264 ELPIS: Graph-Based Similarity Search for Scalable Data Science 2023 VLDB 8.7286407e-05
2,444 DeltaPQ: Lossless Product Quantization Code Compression for High Dimensional Similarity Search 2020 VLDB 8.4556406e-05
3,513 Scalable, Variable-Length Similarity Search in Data Series: The ULISSE Approach 2018 VLDB 7.2404521e-05
4,987 LANNS: A Web-Scale Approximate Nearest Neighbor Lookup System 2022 VLDB 6.3237807e-05
5,318 Hercules Against Data Series Similarity Search 2022 VLDB 6.1818367e-05
5,415 GTS: GPU-based Tree Index for Fast Similarity Search 2024 SIGMOD 6.1378972e-05
5,627 Reconciling Skyline and Ranking Queries 2017 VLDB 6.0578274e-05
5,935 Continuously Adaptive Similarity Search 2020 SIGMOD 5.9391038e-05
6,178 Exact Processing of Uncertain Top-k Queries in Multi-criteria Settings 2018 VLDB 5.8581814e-05
6,761 Marrying Top-k with Skyline Queries: Relaxing the Preference Input while Producing Output of Controllable Size 2021 SIGMOD 5.6873442e-05
7,397 LiteHST: A Tree Embedding based Method for Similarity Search 2023 SIGMOD 5.5344479e-05
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