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ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index

Summary: Presents ALEX, an updatable adaptive learned index for mixed read/write workloads. Blends learned indexing with conventional storage to support updates; delivers up to 4.1x read speed and dramatically smaller index footprints vs B+Trees. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
5988
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2020
Pagerank
0.00018322593
Overall Rank
447 | 96.94%
DOI
10.1145/3318464.3389711

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{ding_sigmod20,
        title = {{ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index}},
        author = {Ding, Jialin and Minhas, Umar Farooq and Yu, Jia and Wang, Chi and Do, Jaeyoung and Li, Yinan and Zhang, Hantian and Chandramouli, Badrish and Gehrke, Johannes and Kossmann, Donald and Lomet, David and Kraska, Tim},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '20},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3318464.3389711},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3318464.3389711},
        year = {2020}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 101 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
7,768 The next 50 Years in Database Indexing or: The Case for Automatically Generated Index Structures 2022 VLDB 5.5475685e-05
8,003 Towards Designing and Learning Piecewise Space-Filling Curves 2023 VLDB 5.5084586e-05
8,039 Algorithmic Complexity Attacks on Dynamic Learned Indexes 2024 VLDB 5.5021992e-05
8,040 PerfGuard: Deploying ML-for-Systems without Performance Regressions, Almost! 2021 VLDB 5.5018396e-05
8,048 WISK: A Workload-aware Learned Index for Spatial Keyword Queries 2023 SIGMOD 5.5003171e-05
8,056 Sieve: A Learned Data-Skipping Index for Data Analytics 2023 VLDB 5.4983582e-05
8,214 Tuning Hierarchical Learned Indexes on Disk and Beyond 2022 SIGMOD 5.4658344e-05
8,221 NeurDB: On the Design and Implementation of an AI-powered Autonomous Database 2025 CIDR 5.4640314e-05
8,234 The Case for Learned In-Memory Joins 2023 VLDB 5.460955e-05
8,249 Femur: A Flexible Framework for Fast and Secure Querying from Public Key-Value Store 2025 SIGMOD 5.4574671e-05
8,323 SageDB: An Instance-Optimized Data Analytics System 2022 VLDB 5.4539294e-05
8,463 Limousine: Blending Learned and Classical Indexes to Self-Design Larger-than-Memory Cloud Storage Engines 2024 SIGMOD 5.4205593e-05
8,474 OptiQL: Robust Optimistic Locking for Memory-Optimized Indexes 2023 SIGMOD 5.4172941e-05
8,591 A New Paradigm in Tuning Learned Indexes: A Reinforcement Learning Enhanced Approach 2025 SIGMOD 5.4059856e-05
8,709 Why Are Learned Indexes So Effective but Sometimes Ineffective? 2025 VLDB 5.3789739e-05
8,963 The Past, Present and Future of Indexing on Persistent Memory 2022 VLDB 5.3435901e-05
8,988 Towards Systematic Index Dynamization 2024 VLDB 5.3384135e-05
9,106 AirIndex: Versatile Index Tuning Through Data and Storage 2023 SIGMOD 5.3226167e-05
9,172 External Merge Sort for Top-K Queries: Eager input filtering guided by histograms 2020 SIGMOD 5.3092396e-05
9,411 Can Learned Indexes be Built Efficiently? A Deep Dive into Sampling Trade-offs 2024 SIGMOD 5.274743e-05
9,428 LIMAO: A Framework for Lifelong Modular Learned Query Optimization 2025 VLDB 5.2709145e-05
9,518 Revisiting B-tree Compression: An Experimental Study 2024 SIGMOD 5.256602e-05
9,587 Machine Unlearning in Learned Databases: An Experimental Analysis 2024 SIGMOD 5.2525104e-05
9,599 Understanding Robustness Issues of Updatable Learned Indexes: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 5.2492748e-05
9,874 Fast Search-By-Classification for Large-Scale Databases Using Index-Aware Decision Trees and Random Forests 2023 VLDB 5.2043672e-05
9,974 PLATON: Top-down R-tree Packing with Learned Partition Policy 2023 SIGMOD 5.1845938e-05
9,995 DumpKV: Learning based lifetime aware garbage collection for key value separation in LSM-tree 2025 VLDB 5.1814573e-05
9,998 SWIX: A Memory-efficient Sliding Window Learned Index 2024 SIGMOD 5.1814573e-05
10,041 DBMS Fitting: Why should we learn what we already know? 2020 CIDR 5.1709251e-05
10,260 L3: A GPU-Native Co-Designed Data Format for Learned Lossless Lightweight Compression 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,261 LICO: An SIMD-Aware High-Performance Learned Inverted Index Compression Framework 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,262 LINE: A Learned Index with Group-Enhanced Leaves and Cache-Optimized Inner Tree 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,267 Mathematical Foundations of Poisoning Attacks on Linear Regression over Cumulative Distribution Functions 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,272 NeurBench: A Benchmark Suite for Learned Database Components with Drift Modeling: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,277 On Self-Designing Learned Indexes 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,327 Rainbow: Risk-aware Index Benefit Estimation Facing Out Of Distribution Workloads 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,378 High Performance or Low Memory? An Updatable Learned Index Framework for Time-Space Tradeoff 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,458 From Learning to Recycling: A Log-Structured Learned-Less Index 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,461 HIRE: A Hybrid Learned Index for Robust and Efficient Performance under Mixed Workloads 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,463 IDAP++: Advancing Divergence-Aware Pruning with Joint Filter and Layer Optimization 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,469 LM-Tree: A Hybrid Learned Index for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,591 Vodka: Rethink Benchmarking Philosophy in HTAP Systems 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,610 A Workload-Aware Encrypted Index for Efficient Privacy-Preserving Range Queries 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,617 LiBox: A Learned Index as an Array to Minimize Last-Mile Search 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,682 VEGA: An Active-tuning Learned Index with Group-Wise Learning Granularity 2025 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,829 FB+-tree: A Memory-Optimized B+-tree with Latch-Free Update 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,944 Not Small Enough? SegPQ: A Learned Approach to Compress Product Quantization Codebooks 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,955 DobLIX: A Dual-Objective Learned Index for Log-Structured Merge Trees 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,095 LASER: Buffer-Aware Learned Query Scheduling in Master-Standby Databases 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,475 Route Travel Time Estimation on A Road Network Revisited: Heterogeneity, Proximity, Periodicity and Dynamicity 2023 VLDB 5.093636e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 17 of 17 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

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