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BaCon: Efficient Batch Processing of Counting Queries

Summary: BaCon batch-evaluates counting queries without modifying DBMS internals, combining factorized representations with workload-aware domain quantization to avoid massive join materialization. A PostgreSQL client/UDF achieves 2–178× speedups, making learned cardinality-estimator training practical. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Aug 17 2026)

Paper ID
h1bf68c206d8efa1d
Venue
VLDB
Year
2026
Pagerank
4.9605343e-05
Overall Rank
10,873 | 27.12%
DOI
10.14778/3819518.3819567
PDF
Download (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

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Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{liu_vldb26,
        title = {{BaCon: Efficient Batch Processing of Counting Queries}},
        author = {Liu, Yuxi and Hu, Xiao and Agarwal, Pankaj K. and Yang, Jun},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '26},
        volume = {19},
        number = {9},
        pages = {2508--2521},
        doi = {10.14778/3819518.3819567},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3819518.3819567},
        year = {2026}
}

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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 39 of 39 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1 Access Path Selection in a Relational Database Management System 1979 SIGMOD 0.0023948467
15 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00061463175
23 Spark SQL: Relational Data Processing in Spark 2015 SIGMOD 0.00055523999
73 Including Group-By in Query Optimization 1994 VLDB 0.00037420958
84 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00035920657
142 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.00029114937
208 EmptyHeaded: A Relational Engine for Graph Processing 2016 SIGMOD 0.00024929198
213 Eager Aggregation and Lazy Aggregation 1995 VLDB 0.00024695393
355 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00020146245
690 Selectivity Estimation for Range Predicates using Lightweight Models 2019 VLDB 0.00014703258
706 Optimizing Subgraph Queries by Combining Binary and Worst-Case Optimal Joins 2019 VLDB 0.00014622696
848 Aggregation and Ordering in Factorised Databases 2013 VLDB 0.00013463236
983 Cardinality Estimation in DBMS: A Comprehensive Benchmark Evaluation 2022 VLDB 0.00012677179
1,137 Efficient Exploitation of Similar Subexpressions for Query Processing 2007 SIGMOD 0.00011856159
1,156 QuickSel: Quick Selectivity Learning with Mixture Models 2020 SIGMOD 0.00011759683
1,513 DSB: A Decision Support Benchmark for Workload-Driven and Traditional Database Systems 2021 VLDB 0.00010394557
1,603 Adopting Worst-Case Optimal Joins in Relational Database Systems 2020 VLDB 0.00010090639
1,740 Flow-Loss: Learning Cardinality Estimates That Matter 2021 VLDB 9.7289523e-05
2,237 Shared Workload Optimization 2014 VLDB 8.7777395e-05
2,298 FDB: A Query Engine for Factorised Relational Databases 2012 VLDB 8.6645337e-05
2,584 Fauce: Fast and Accurate Deep Ensembles with Uncertainty for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 8.2435322e-05
2,673 A Layered Aggregate Engine for Analytics Workloads 2019 SIGMOD 8.1276375e-05
3,060 A Unified Deep Model of Learning from both Data and Queries for Cardinality Estimation 2021 SIGMOD 7.6828463e-05
3,269 Robust Query Driven Cardinality Estimation under Changing Workloads 2023 VLDB 7.463682e-05
4,202 Kepler: Robust Learning for Faster Parametric Query Optimization 2023 SIGMOD 6.7258607e-05
4,315 ALECE: An Attention-based Learned Cardinality Estimator for SPJ Queries on Dynamic Workloads 2024 VLDB 6.6545412e-05
4,459 Warper: Efficiently Adapting Learned Cardinality Estimators to Data and Workload Drifts 2022 SIGMOD 6.5757572e-05
4,882 LpBound: Pessimistic Cardinality Estimation using ℓp-Norms of Degree Sequences 2025 SIGMOD 6.3565046e-05
5,034 Free Join: Unifying Worst-Case Optimal and Traditional Joins 2023 SIGMOD 6.2921115e-05
5,457 Sample-Efficient Cardinality Estimation Using Geometric Deep Learning 2024 VLDB 6.1058928e-05
5,728 Detect, Distill and Update: Learned DB Systems Facing Out of Distribution Data 2023 SIGMOD 5.9979958e-05
5,854 Modeling Shifting Workloads for Learned Database Systems 2024 SIGMOD 5.9520525e-05
6,125 On the Complexity of Generating Optimal Plans with Cross Products (extended abstract) 1997 PODS 5.862077e-05
6,585 Output-Optimal Algorithms for Join-Aggregate Queries 2025 PODS 5.7238683e-05
7,355 Selectivity Functions of Range Queries are Learnable* 2022 SIGMOD 5.529034e-05
7,587 Convolution and Cross-Correlation of Count Sketches Enables Fast Cardinality Estimation of Multi-Join Queries 2024 SIGMOD 5.4745198e-05
7,936 Avoiding Materialisation for Guarded Aggregate Queries 2025 VLDB 5.4070923e-05
9,753 A Practical Theory of Generalization in Selectivity Learning 2025 VLDB 5.1159926e-05
10,327 Data-Agnostic Cardinality Learning from Imperfect Workloads 2025 VLDB 5.0241309e-05
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