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SafeBound: A Practical System for Generating Cardinality Bounds

Summary: SafeBound is the first practical system for guaranteed upper bounds on cardinalities with predicate support. Extends degree-sequence bounds via compression and inference, delivering up to 80% gains vs PostgreSQL and 500x faster planning, with less space. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
hdc9aa3f22b027bc3
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2023
Pagerank
6.2721634e-05
Overall Rank
5,075 | 65.99%
DOI
10.1145/3588907
PDF
Download (CC BY 4.0)

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{deeds_sigmod23,
        title = {{SafeBound: A Practical System for Generating Cardinality Bounds}},
        author = {Deeds, Kyle B. and Suciu, Dan and Balazinska, Magdalena},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '23},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3588907},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3588907},
        year = {2023}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 17 of 17 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
4,882 LpBound: Pessimistic Cardinality Estimation using ℓp-Norms of Degree Sequences 2025 SIGMOD 6.3565046e-05
5,925 Join Size Bounds using l_p-Norms on Degree Sequences 2024 PODS 5.9282898e-05
6,840 ASM: Harmonizing Autoregressive Model, Sampling, and Multi-dimensional Statistics Merging for Cardinality Estimation 2024 SIGMOD 5.6513231e-05
8,710 Galley: Modern Query Optimization for Sparse Tensor Programs 2025 SIGMOD 5.2705676e-05
9,583 Athena: An Effective Learning-based Framework for Query Optimizer Performance Improvement 2025 SIGMOD 5.140977e-05
9,753 A Practical Theory of Generalization in Selectivity Learning 2025 VLDB 5.1159926e-05
9,810 Color: A Framework for Applying Graph Coloring to Subgraph Cardinality Estimation 2025 VLDB 5.112328e-05
10,143 Still Asking: How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2025 VLDB 5.0597449e-05
10,220 Efficient Algorithms for Cardinality Estimation and Conjunctive Query Evaluation With Simple Degree Constraints 2025 PODS 5.0460607e-05
10,221 Path-centric Cardinality Estimation for Subgraph Matching 2025 VLDB 5.0460607e-05
10,327 Data-Agnostic Cardinality Learning from Imperfect Workloads 2025 VLDB 5.0241309e-05
10,370 An Elephant Under The Microscope: Analyzing The Interaction Of Optimizer Components In PostgreSQL 2025 SIGMOD 5.0010514e-05
10,379 Algebraic Subgraph Counting 2027 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,435 I Can't Believe It's Not Yannakakis: Pragmatic Bitmap Filters in Microsoft SQL Server 2026 CIDR 4.9605343e-05
10,699 CorrBound: Cardinality Estimation Accounting for Inter- and Intra-relation Correlations 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
11,025 How Out-of-Bounds Are Your Cardinality Estimates? 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,593 A Universal Sketch for Estimating Heavy Hitters and Per-Element Frequency Moments in Data Streams with Bounded Deletions 2024 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 18 of 18 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
84 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00035920657
320 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00021128745
408 DBToaster: Higher-order Delta Processing for Dynamic, Frequently Fresh Views 2012 VLDB 0.00018836656
461 The PGM-index: a fully-dynamic compressed learned index with provable worst-case bounds 2020 VLDB 0.00017835351
508 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00017108973
983 Cardinality Estimation in DBMS: A Comprehensive Benchmark Evaluation 2022 VLDB 0.00012677179
1,064 Are We Ready For Learned Cardinality Estimation? 2021 VLDB 0.00012181459
1,096 What do Shannon-type Inequalities, Submodular Width, and Disjunctive Datalog have to do with one another? 2017 PODS 0.00012035761
1,444 Pessimistic Cardinality Estimation: Tighter Upper Bounds for Intermediate Join Cardinalities 2019 SIGMOD 0.00010616242
1,740 Flow-Loss: Learning Cardinality Estimates That Matter 2021 VLDB 9.7289523e-05
2,009 FLAT: Fast, Lightweight and Accurate Method for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 9.1813272e-05
2,348 Learned Cardinality Estimation: An In-depth Study 2022 SIGMOD 8.5910072e-05
2,584 Fauce: Fast and Accurate Deep Ensembles with Uncertainty for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 8.2435322e-05
2,987 Accurate Summary-based Cardinality Estimation Through the Lens of Cardinality Estimation Graphs 2022 VLDB 7.767043e-05
3,060 A Unified Deep Model of Learning from both Data and Queries for Cardinality Estimation 2021 SIGMOD 7.6828463e-05
3,740 FACE: A Normalizing Flow based Cardinality Estimator 2022 VLDB 7.0398782e-05
3,995 Simplicity Done Right for Join Ordering 2021 CIDR 6.8530469e-05
6,761 Computing Join Queries with Functional Dependencies 2016 PODS 5.6705551e-05
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