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ALECE: An Attention-based Learned Cardinality Estimator for SPJ Queries on Dynamic Workloads

Summary: ALECE uses attention over learned data aggregations and query representations to capture attribute correlations for SPJ cardinality estimation under dynamic workloads. Integrated with PostgreSQL, it substantially outperforms traditional and learned estimators, approaching optimal plan performance. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
hd3b254dbfe2bc9d1
Venue
VLDB
Year
2024
Pagerank
6.6727978e-05
Overall Rank
4,311 | 71.02%
DOI
10.14778/3626292.3626302

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{li_vldb24,
        title = {{ALECE: An Attention-based Learned Cardinality Estimator for SPJ Queries on Dynamic Workloads}},
        author = {Li, Pengfei and Wei, Wenqing and Zhu, Rong and Ding, Bolin and Zhou, Jingren and Lu, Hua},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '24},
        volume = {17},
        number = {2},
        pages = {197--210},
        doi = {10.14778/3626292.3626302},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3626292.3626302},
        year = {2024}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 23 of 23 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
7,460 T3: Accurate and Fast Performance Prediction for Relational Database Systems With Compiled Decision Trees 2025 SIGMOD 5.5215755e-05
8,332 Learned Offline Query Planning via Bayesian Optimization 2025 SIGMOD 5.3528188e-05
8,385 NeurDB: On the Design and Implementation of an AI-powered Autonomous Database 2025 CIDR 5.3420959e-05
8,879 Spatial Query Optimization With Learning 2024 VLDB 5.2568354e-05
9,013 Learning-based Property Estimation with Polynomials 2024 SIGMOD 5.2375369e-05
9,222 SQL-Factory: A Multi-Agent Framework for High-Quality and Large-Scale SQL Generation 2026 VLDB 5.2056825e-05
9,546 Athena: An Effective Learning-based Framework for Query Optimizer Performance Improvement 2025 SIGMOD 5.1604755e-05
9,610 LIMAO: A Framework for Lifelong Modular Learned Query Optimization 2025 VLDB 5.1526493e-05
9,670 Low Rank Learning for Offline Query Optimization 2025 SIGMOD 5.1452097e-05
9,718 A Practical Theory of Generalization in Selectivity Learning 2025 VLDB 5.1353964e-05
9,797 NeuSO: Neural Optimizer for Subgraph Queries 2026 SIGMOD 5.1257999e-05
9,956 Graph Transformers for Query Plan Representation: Potentials and Challenges 2025 VLDB 5.1038322e-05
10,216 PRICE: A Pretrained Model for Cross-Database Cardinality Estimation 2025 VLDB 5.0584922e-05
10,294 Data-Agnostic Cardinality Learning from Imperfect Workloads 2025 VLDB 5.0431863e-05
10,412 Are Learned DBMS Components Robust to Workload Drift?: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,484 NeurBench: A Benchmark Suite for Learned Database Components with Drift Modeling: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,691 The Case For Language Model Approximated LIKE Predicate 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,802 BaCon: Efficient Batch Processing of Counting Queries 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,192 PLM4NDV: Minimizing Data Access for Number of Distinct Values Estimation with Pre-trained Language Models 2025 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
11,219 AdaNDV: Adaptive Number of Distinct Value Estimation via Learning to Select and Fuse Estimators 2025 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,257 ACE: A Cardinality Estimator for Set-Valued Queries 2025 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,443 LEAP: A Low-cost Spark SQL Query Optimizer using Pairwise Comparison 2025 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,538 A Universal Sketch for Estimating Heavy Hitters and Per-Element Frequency Moments in Data Streams with Bounded Deletions 2024 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 35 of 35 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1 Access Path Selection in a Relational Database Management System 1979 SIGMOD 0.0023947656
57 On Random Sampling over Joins 1999 SIGMOD 0.00040108301
85 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00035864347
98 LEO - DB2's LEarning Optimizer 2001 VLDB 0.00034106982
103 Selectivity Estimation Without the Attribute Value Independence Assumption 1997 VLDB 0.00033894985
286 Selectivity Estimation using Probabilistic Models 2001 SIGMOD 0.0002211981
318 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00021167555
371 STHoles: A Multidimensional Workload-Aware Histogram 2001 SIGMOD 0.00019829769
386 Preventing Bad Plans by Bounding the Impact of Cardinality Estimation Errors 2009 VLDB 0.00019444411
406 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00019045544
512 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00017050173
596 Wander Join: Online Aggregation via Random Walks 2016 SIGMOD 0.00015785583
692 Selectivity Estimation for Range Predicates using Lightweight Models 2019 VLDB 0.00014741011
701 Independence is Good: Dependency-Based Histogram Synopses for High-Dimensional Data 2001 SIGMOD 0.00014680907
795 Random Sampling over Joins Revisited 2018 SIGMOD 0.00013938779
866 Approximating Multi-Dimensional Aggregate Range Queries Over Real Attributes 2000 SIGMOD 0.00013381261
982 Cardinality Estimation in DBMS: A Comprehensive Benchmark Evaluation 2022 VLDB 0.00012714044
1,060 Lightweight Graphical Models for Selectivity Estimation Without Independence Assumptions 2011 VLDB 0.00012224575
1,064 Are We Ready For Learned Cardinality Estimation? 2021 VLDB 0.00012202282
1,433 Towards a Learning Optimizer for Shared Clouds 2019 VLDB 0.00010677711
1,678 Two-Level Sampling for Join Size Estimation 2017 SIGMOD 9.9088372e-05
1,734 Flow-Loss: Learning Cardinality Estimates That Matter 2021 VLDB 9.7545773e-05
2,004 FLAT: Fast, Lightweight and Accurate Method for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 9.2065719e-05
2,216 Estimating Join Selectivities using Bandwidth-Optimized Kernel Density Models 2017 VLDB 8.8177753e-05
2,522 Learned Cardinality Estimation: A Design Space Exploration and A Comparative Evaluation 2022 VLDB 8.3477168e-05
2,583 Fauce: Fast and Accurate Deep Ensembles with Uncertainty for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 8.2589758e-05
2,846 FactorJoin: A New Cardinality Estimation Framework for Join Queries 2023 SIGMOD 7.9453616e-05
3,052 A Unified Deep Model of Learning from both Data and Queries for Cardinality Estimation 2021 SIGMOD 7.7052471e-05
3,327 Robust Query Driven Cardinality Estimation under Changing Workloads 2023 VLDB 7.4207879e-05
3,741 FACE: A Normalizing Flow based Cardinality Estimator 2022 VLDB 7.0594076e-05
4,457 Lightweight and Accurate Cardinality Estimation by Neural Network Gaussian Process 2022 SIGMOD 6.5913732e-05
6,221 Combining Aggregation and Sampling (Nearly) Optimally for Approximate Query Processing 2021 SIGMOD 5.8463347e-05
6,416 A Unified Transferable Model for ML-Enhanced DBMS 2022 CIDR 5.7920805e-05
7,364 Weighted Distinct Sampling: Cardinality Estimation for SPJ Queries 2021 SIGMOD 5.5418075e-05
7,493 Synopses for Query Optimization: A Space-Complexity Perspective 2004 PODS 5.5103311e-05
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