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GPS: Revisiting the Data Layout for Disk-based High-Dimensional Vector Search

Summary: GPS revisits SSD-based vector-index layout by prioritizing frequently accessed proximity-graph adjacency lists over vectors. Its graph-aware cache and neighbor-co-located disk blocks improve locality, yielding 52% higher throughput and 32% lower latency than PipeANN. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 26 2026)

Paper ID
h485e17273a1b7ed1
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2026
Pagerank
5.0682654e-05
Overall Rank
10,163 | 31.67%
DOI
10.1145/3802069

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{yin_sigmod26,
        title = {{GPS: Revisiting the Data Layout for Disk-based High-Dimensional Vector Search}},
        author = {Yin, Peiqi and Yan, Xiao and Zhou, Qihui and Li, Hui and Li, Xiaolu and Wang, Meiling and Zhang, Lin and Yao, Xin and Cheng, James},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '26},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3802069},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3802069},
        year = {2026}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 27 of 27 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
74 Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search With The Navigating Spreading-out Graph 2019 VLDB 0.00037091678
194 Milvus: A Purpose-Built Vector Data Management System 2021 SIGMOD 0.00025636725
341 AnalyticDB-V: A Hybrid Analytical Engine Towards Query Fusion for Structured and Unstructured Data 2020 VLDB 0.00020539791
804 RaBitQ: Quantizing High-Dimensional Vectors with a Theoretical Error Bound for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 0.00013832333
1,601 High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: with Reliable and Efficient Distance Comparison Operations 2023 SIGMOD 0.00010103316
1,613 Starling: An I/O-Efficient Disk-Resident Graph Index Framework for High-Dimensional Vector Similarity Search on Data Segment 2024 SIGMOD 0.00010072237
1,625 Towards Efficient Index Construction and Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in High-Dimensional Spaces 2023 VLDB 0.0001004502
1,957 SeRF: Segment Graph for Range-Filtering Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 9.3159589e-05
2,060 Similarity search in the blink of an eye with compressed indices 2023 VLDB 9.0983169e-05
2,448 DeltaPQ: Lossless Product Quantization Code Compression for High Dimensional Similarity Search 2020 VLDB 8.4494625e-05
2,726 iRangeGraph: Improvising Range-dedicated Graphs for Range-filtering Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 8.0904995e-05
2,821 Practical and Asymptotically Optimal Quantization of High-Dimensional Vectors in Euclidean Space for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 7.9711961e-05
2,920 What Modern NVMe Storage Can Do, And How To Exploit It: High-Performance I/O for High-Performance Storage Engines 2023 VLDB 7.8540089e-05
3,290 Vexless: A Serverless Vector Data Management System Using Cloud Functions 2024 SIGMOD 7.4528093e-05
3,881 RoarGraph: A Projected Bipartite Graph for Efficient Cross-Modal Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 VLDB 6.9509289e-05
4,346 UNIFY: Unified Index for Range Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbors Search 2025 VLDB 6.6488514e-05
6,126 DIGRA: A Dynamic Graph Indexing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search with Range Filter 2025 SIGMOD 5.8785006e-05
6,239 Efficient Data-aware Distance Comparison Operations for High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 5.8382662e-05
6,528 DiskGNN: Bridging I/O Efficiency and Model Accuracy for Out-of-Core GNN Training 2025 SIGMOD 5.7553643e-05
7,004 Accelerating Graph Indexing for ANNS on Modern CPUs 2025 SIGMOD 5.6238624e-05
8,306 Wolverine: Highly Efficient Monotonic Search Path Repair for Graph-based ANN Index Updates 2025 VLDB 5.3583322e-05
8,370 MicroNN: An On-device Disk-resident Updatable Vector Database 2025 SIGMOD 5.34483e-05
10,089 HAKES: Scalable Vector Database for Embedding Search Service 2025 VLDB 5.0807138e-05
10,090 Select Edges Wisely: Monotonic Path Aware Graph Layout Optimization for Disk-based ANN Search 2025 VLDB 5.0807138e-05
11,178 CARINA: An Efficient CXL-Oriented Embedding Serving System for Recommendation Models 2025 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
11,530 GE2: A General and Efficient Knowledge Graph Embedding Learning System 2024 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
11,535 Atom: An Efficient Query Serving System for Embedding-based Knowledge Graph Reasoning with Operator-level Batching 2024 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
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