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GPS: Revisiting the Data Layout for Disk-based High-Dimensional Vector Search

Summary: GPS revisits SSD-based vector-index layout by prioritizing frequently accessed proximity-graph adjacency lists over vectors. Its graph-aware cache and neighbor-co-located disk blocks improve locality, yielding 52% higher throughput and 32% lower latency than PipeANN. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 26 2026)

Paper ID
h485e17273a1b7ed1
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2026
Pagerank
5.0491152e-05
Overall Rank
10,203 | 31.61%
DOI
10.1145/3802069
PDF
Download (CC BY 4.0)

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{yin_sigmod26,
        title = {{GPS: Revisiting the Data Layout for Disk-based High-Dimensional Vector Search}},
        author = {Yin, Peiqi and Yan, Xiao and Zhou, Qihui and Li, Hui and Li, Xiaolu and Wang, Meiling and Zhang, Lin and Yao, Xin and Cheng, James},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '26},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3802069},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3802069},
        year = {2026}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 2 of 2 citing papers.

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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 27 of 27 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
75 Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search With The Navigating Spreading-out Graph 2019 VLDB 0.00037163157
181 Milvus: A Purpose-Built Vector Data Management System 2021 SIGMOD 0.00026425782
325 AnalyticDB-V: A Hybrid Analytical Engine Towards Query Fusion for Structured and Unstructured Data 2020 VLDB 0.00020930941
802 RaBitQ: Quantizing High-Dimensional Vectors with a Theoretical Error Bound for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 0.00013822222
1,601 High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: with Reliable and Efficient Distance Comparison Operations 2023 SIGMOD 0.00010092977
1,610 Starling: An I/O-Efficient Disk-Resident Graph Index Framework for High-Dimensional Vector Similarity Search on Data Segment 2024 SIGMOD 0.00010066881
1,618 Towards Efficient Index Construction and Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in High-Dimensional Spaces 2023 VLDB 0.00010045437
1,968 SeRF: Segment Graph for Range-Filtering Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 9.2810141e-05
2,067 Similarity search in the blink of an eye with compressed indices 2023 VLDB 9.0707479e-05
2,426 DeltaPQ: Lossless Product Quantization Code Compression for High Dimensional Similarity Search 2020 VLDB 8.4692316e-05
2,728 iRangeGraph: Improvising Range-dedicated Graphs for Range-filtering Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 8.0686023e-05
2,836 Practical and Asymptotically Optimal Quantization of High-Dimensional Vectors in Euclidean Space for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 7.9410774e-05
2,934 What Modern NVMe Storage Can Do, And How To Exploit It: High-Performance I/O for High-Performance Storage Engines 2023 VLDB 7.8265774e-05
3,193 Vexless: A Serverless Vector Data Management System Using Cloud Functions 2024 SIGMOD 7.5325527e-05
3,876 RoarGraph: A Projected Bipartite Graph for Efficient Cross-Modal Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 VLDB 6.9349247e-05
4,368 UNIFY: Unified Index for Range Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbors Search 2025 VLDB 6.6237291e-05
6,141 DIGRA: A Dynamic Graph Indexing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search with Range Filter 2025 SIGMOD 5.856289e-05
6,256 Efficient Data-aware Distance Comparison Operations for High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 5.8162066e-05
6,493 DiskGNN: Bridging I/O Efficiency and Model Accuracy for Out-of-Core GNN Training 2025 SIGMOD 5.7500576e-05
7,023 Accelerating Graph Indexing for ANNS on Modern CPUs 2025 SIGMOD 5.6026129e-05
7,358 Wolverine: Highly Efficient Monotonic Search Path Repair for Graph-based ANN Index Updates 2025 VLDB 5.5288758e-05
8,392 MicroNN: An On-device Disk-resident Updatable Vector Database 2025 SIGMOD 5.3246348e-05
8,838 HAKES: Scalable Vector Database for Embedding Search Service 2025 VLDB 5.2523063e-05
10,128 Select Edges Wisely: Monotonic Path Aware Graph Layout Optimization for Disk-based ANN Search 2025 VLDB 5.0615166e-05
11,246 CARINA: An Efficient CXL-Oriented Embedding Serving System for Recommendation Models 2025 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
11,585 GE2: A General and Efficient Knowledge Graph Embedding Learning System 2024 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
11,590 Atom: An Efficient Query Serving System for Embedding-based Knowledge Graph Reasoning with Operator-level Batching 2024 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
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