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Accelerating Graph Indexing for ANNS on Modern CPUs

Summary: Graph-based ANNS indexing (e.g., HNSW) is CPU-bound by distance computations and random memory accesses; Flash is a compact coding strategy optimized for modern CPUs to boost SIMD and cache locality in graph indexing. It delivers 10.4x–22.9x faster index construction on 10M–1B vectors across eight datasets, with equal or improved search performance. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h9cd6380605cf189e
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2025
Pagerank
5.6238624e-05
Overall Rank
7,004 | 52.91%
DOI
10.1145/3725260

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{wang_sigmod25,
        title = {{Accelerating Graph Indexing for ANNS on Modern CPUs}},
        author = {Wang, Mengzhao and Wu, Haotian and Ke, Xiangyu and Gao, Yunjun and Zhu, Yifan and Zhou, Wenchao},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '25},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3725260},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3725260},
        year = {2025}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 9 of 9 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
5,619 A Topology-Aware Localized Update Strategy for Graph-Based ANN Index 2026 VLDB 6.062554e-05
7,587 Scalable Graph Indexing using GPUs for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.4891389e-05
9,560 Distribution-Aware Exploration for Adaptive HNSW Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.1571823e-05
10,163 GPS: Revisiting the Data Layout for Disk-based High-Dimensional Vector Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.0682654e-05
10,425 CMANNS: GPU-Accelerated Graph Index Construction for ANNS via Compute-Memory Disaggregation 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,511 Through the Lens of Hubness: A Revisit on Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,540 Accelerating High-Dimensional ANN Search via Skipping Redundant Distance Computations 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,709 Quantization Meets Projection: A Happy Marriage for Approximate k-Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,028 Advances of Query Processing in Vector Databases 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 29 of 29 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
74 Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search With The Navigating Spreading-out Graph 2019 VLDB 0.00037091678
194 Milvus: A Purpose-Built Vector Data Management System 2021 SIGMOD 0.00025636725
298 Query-Aware Locality-Sensitive Hashing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2016 VLDB 0.00021833987
341 AnalyticDB-V: A Hybrid Analytical Engine Towards Query Fusion for Structured and Unstructured Data 2020 VLDB 0.00020539791
345 A Comprehensive Survey and Experimental Comparison of Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2021 VLDB 0.00020445545
650 HD-Index: Pushing the Scalability-Accuracy Boundary for Approximate kNN Search in High-Dimensional Spaces 2018 VLDB 0.00015149775
713 Cache locality is not enough: High-Performance Nearest Neighbor Search with Product Quantization Fast Scan 2016 VLDB 0.00014571977
804 RaBitQ: Quantizing High-Dimensional Vectors with a Theoretical Error Bound for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 0.00013832333
839 Improving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search through Learned Adaptive Early Termination 2020 SIGMOD 0.00013547412
916 PASE: PostgreSQL Ultra-High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search Extension 2020 SIGMOD 0.00013094482
1,170 Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in Multi-dimensional Databases 2023 SIGMOD 0.0001171991
1,225 ACORN: Performant and Predicate-Agnostic Search Over Vector Embeddings and Structured Data 2024 SIGMOD 0.00011444398
1,328 VHP: Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search via Virtual Hypersphere Partitioning 2020 VLDB 0.00011003106
1,462 Manu: A Cloud Native Vector Database Management System 2022 VLDB 0.0001058099
1,601 High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: with Reliable and Efficient Distance Comparison Operations 2023 SIGMOD 0.00010103316
1,613 Starling: An I/O-Efficient Disk-Resident Graph Index Framework for High-Dimensional Vector Similarity Search on Data Segment 2024 SIGMOD 0.00010072237
1,625 Towards Efficient Index Construction and Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in High-Dimensional Spaces 2023 VLDB 0.0001004502
1,684 HVS: Hierarchical Graph Structure Based on Voronoi Diagrams for Solving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2022 VLDB 9.8801753e-05
1,957 SeRF: Segment Graph for Range-Filtering Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 9.3159589e-05
2,060 Similarity search in the blink of an eye with compressed indices 2023 VLDB 9.0983169e-05
2,085 SingleStore-V: An Integrated Vector Database System in SingleStore 2024 VLDB 9.0709364e-05
2,265 ELPIS: Graph-Based Similarity Search for Scalable Data Science 2023 VLDB 8.7238222e-05
2,362 Streaming Similarity Search over one Billion Tweets using Parallel Locality-Sensitive Hashing 2013 VLDB 8.5746436e-05
2,448 DeltaPQ: Lossless Product Quantization Code Compression for High Dimensional Similarity Search 2020 VLDB 8.4494625e-05
2,519 HET: Scaling out Huge Embedding Model Training via Cache-enabled Distributed Framework 2022 VLDB 8.3521095e-05
3,881 RoarGraph: A Projected Bipartite Graph for Efficient Cross-Modal Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 VLDB 6.9509289e-05
5,007 LANNS: A Web-Scale Approximate Nearest Neighbor Lookup System 2022 VLDB 6.3169238e-05
5,268 FARGO: Fast Maximum Inner Product Search via Global Multi-Probing 2023 VLDB 6.2015316e-05
7,322 LIDER: An Efficient High-dimensional Learned Index for Large-scale Dense Passage Retrieval 2023 VLDB 5.5533524e-05
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