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Dissecting, Designing, and Optimizing LSM-based Data Stores

Summary: Structured, tutorial-like treatment of LSM trees, detailing core operations, access paths, and ingestion/compaction tradeoffs for researchers. Surveys recent optimizations and the design space across ingestion, reads, and queries, offering a roadmap to tune LSM engines and identify open challenges. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h67a6cd004c4bb95b
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2022
Pagerank
6.3000825e-05
Overall Rank
5,046 | 66.08%
DOI
10.1145/3514221.3522563

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{sarkar_sigmod22,
        title = {{Dissecting, Designing, and Optimizing LSM-based Data Stores}},
        author = {Sarkar, Subhadeep and Athanassoulis, Manos},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '22},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3514221.3522563},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3514221.3522563},
        year = {2022}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 10 of 10 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
7,905 CAMAL: Optimizing LSM-trees via Active Learning 2024 SIGMOD 5.4291824e-05
8,620 Limousine: Blending Learned and Classical Indexes to Self-Design Larger-than-Memory Cloud Storage Engines 2024 SIGMOD 5.301557e-05
9,057 BACH: Bridging Adjacency List and CSR Format using LSM-Trees for HGTAP Workloads 2025 VLDB 5.2295363e-05
10,029 LavaStore: ByteDance's Purpose-built, High-performance, Cost-effective Local Storage Engine for Cloud Services 2024 VLDB 5.0925155e-05
10,164 NEXT: A New Secondary Index Framework for LSM-based Data Storage 2025 SIGMOD 5.0682654e-05
10,658 Making LSM-Tree-based Key-Value Store Practical and Efficient for Multi-Tenant Serverless Cloud Databases 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,767 IncreQueryFusion: On-demand Data Fusion Framework in Dynamic Data Lakes 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,342 DobLIX: A Dual-Objective Learned Index for Log-Structured Merge Trees 2025 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,586 On Reducing Space Amplification with Multi-Column Compaction in Apache IoTDB 2024 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,674 Data Pipes: Declarative Control over Data Movement 2023 CIDR 4.9793485e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 40 of 40 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
40 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00046284649
179 The Vertica Analytic Database: C-Store 7 Years Later 2012 VLDB 0.00026611886
216 Small Materialized Aggregates: A Light Weight Index Structure for Data Warehousing 1998 VLDB 0.00024485024
258 bLSM: A General Purpose Log Structured Merge Tree 2012 SIGMOD 0.00022939599
400 Monkey: Optimal Navigable Key-Value Store 2017 SIGMOD 0.00019129175
436 Optimizing Space Amplification in RocksDB 2017 CIDR 0.00018319035
463 The PGM-index: a fully-dynamic compressed learned index with provable worst-case bounds 2020 VLDB 0.00017804544
546 Faster: A Concurrent Key-Value Store with In-Place Updates 2018 SIGMOD 0.00016590738
754 Dostoevsky: Better Space-Time Trade-Offs for LSM-Tree Based Key-Value Stores via Adaptive Removal of Superfluous Merging 2018 SIGMOD 0.00014236015
815 Design, Implementation, and Performance of the LHAM Log-Structured History Data Access Method 1998 VLDB 0.00013689839
816 SlimDB: A Space-Efficient Key-Value Storage Engine For Semi-Sorted Data 2017 VLDB 0.00013687311
891 SuRF: Practical Range Query Filtering with Fast Succinct Tries 2018 SIGMOD 0.00013245926
922 AsterixDB: A Scalable, Open Source BDMS 2014 VLDB 0.00013068048
1,147 MyRocks: LSM-Tree Database Storage Engine Serving Facebook's Social Graph 2020 VLDB 0.00011813751
1,313 X-Engine: An Optimized Storage Engine for Large-scale E-commerce Transaction Processing 2019 SIGMOD 0.00011060108
1,321 Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing: A Survey 2017 SIGMOD 0.00011040617
1,422 The Log-Structured Merge-Bush & the Wacky Continuum 2019 SIGMOD 0.00010725538
1,605 The Data Calculator*: Data Structure Design and Cost Synthesis from First Principles and Learned Cost Models 2018 SIGMOD 0.00010093796
1,844 Morton Filters: Faster, Space-Efficient Cuckoo Filters via Biasing, Compression, and Decoupled Logical Sparsity 2018 VLDB 9.5159229e-05
1,889 Design Continuums and the Path Toward Self-Designing Key-Value Stores that Know and Learn 2019 CIDR 9.4273689e-05
1,980 Chucky: A Succinct Cuckoo Filter for LSM-Tree 2021 SIGMOD 9.2595896e-05
2,664 Rosetta: A Robust Space-Time Optimized Range Filter for Key-Value Stores 2020 SIGMOD 8.1569551e-05
2,770 Constructing and Analyzing the LSM Compaction Design Space 2021 VLDB 8.037607e-05
2,788 Lethe: A Tunable Delete-Aware LSM Engine 2020 SIGMOD 8.0133966e-05
3,479 Cosine: A Cloud-Cost Optimized Self-Designing Key-Value Storage Engine 2022 VLDB 7.2695068e-05
3,525 Key-Value Storage Engines 2020 SIGMOD 7.2327042e-05
3,641 Nova-LSM: A Distributed, Component-based LSM-tree Key-value Store 2021 SIGMOD 7.1439198e-05
3,671 Leaper: A Learned Prefetcher for Cache Invalidation in LSM-tree based Storage Engines 2020 VLDB 7.1100217e-05
4,121 On Performance Stability in LSM-based Storage Systems 2020 VLDB 6.7946812e-05
4,885 Design Tradeoffs of Data Access Methods 2016 SIGMOD 6.3706825e-05
4,946 A Comparative Study of Secondary Indexing Techniques in LSM-based NoSQL Databases 2018 SIGMOD 6.3435811e-05
5,018 Breaking Down Memory Walls: Adaptive Memory Management in LSM-based Storage Systems 2021 VLDB 6.3121723e-05
5,248 Endure: A Robust Tuning Paradigm for LSM Trees Under Workload Uncertainty 2022 VLDB 6.211056e-05
5,637 MaSM: Efficient Online Updates in Data Warehouses 2011 SIGMOD 6.0569403e-05
5,852 An LSM-based Tuple Compaction Framework for Apache AsterixDB 2020 VLDB 5.9711113e-05
5,879 Compactionary: A Dictionary for LSM Compactions 2022 SIGMOD 5.9615203e-05
6,569 Big Data Space Fungus 2015 CIDR 5.7465184e-05
6,932 Breaking Down Memory Walls in LSM-based Storage Systems 2020 SIGMOD 5.640907e-05
7,307 Immutability Changes Everything 2015 CIDR 5.5581323e-05
7,594 Efficient Data Ingestion and Query Processing for LSM-Based Storage Systems 2019 VLDB 5.4879453e-05
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