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FITing-Tree: A Data-aware Index Structure

Summary: FITing-Tree presents a data-aware index that uses piecewise-linear approximations bounded by a tunable error. A cost model selects the error to balance lookup latency and storage, delivering near full-index performance with orders of magnitude less memory on real datasets. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h9761bd39cb86219d
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2019
Pagerank
0.00014063511
Overall Rank
774 | 94.82%
DOI
10.1145/3299869.3319860

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{galakatos_sigmod19,
        title = {{FITing-Tree: A Data-aware Index Structure}},
        author = {Galakatos, Alex and Markovitch, Michael and Binnig, Carsten and Fonseca, Rodrigo and Kraska, Tim},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '19},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3299869.3319860},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3299869.3319860},
        year = {2019}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 20 of 70 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
9,952 Cardinality Estimation for Similarity Search on High-Dimensional Data Objects: The Impact of Reference Objects 2025 VLDB 5.0910746e-05
9,960 Route Travel Time Estimation on A Road Network Revisited: Heterogeneity, Proximity, Periodicity and Dynamicity 2023 VLDB 5.0910746e-05
10,222 SWIX: A Memory-efficient Sliding Window Learned Index 2024 SIGMOD 5.0460607e-05
10,258 DBMS Fitting: Why should we learn what we already know? 2020 CIDR 5.0391159e-05
10,335 DobLIX: A Dual-Objective Learned Index for Log-Structured Merge Trees 2025 VLDB 5.0225409e-05
10,355 SSCard: Substring Cardinality Estimation using Suffix Tree-Guided Learned FM-Index 2026 SIGMOD 5.0156513e-05
10,417 Replace or Augment: Rethinking the Role of Learned Indexes in Relational Databases 2027 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,552 LINE: A Learned Index with Group-Enhanced Leaves and Cache-Optimized Inner Tree 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,557 Mathematical Foundations of Poisoning Attacks on Linear Regression over Cumulative Distribution Functions 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,566 On Self-Designing Learned Indexes 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,649 High Performance or Low Memory? An Updatable Learned Index Framework for Time-Space Tradeoff 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,717 From Learning to Recycling: A Log-Structured Learned-Less Index 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,720 HIRE: A Hybrid Learned Index for Robust and Efficient Performance under Mixed Workloads 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,728 LM-Tree: A Hybrid Learned Index for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,762 The Case For Language Model Approximated LIKE Predicate 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,822 Toward Drift-Aware Database Benchmarking 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,835 Kirin: Efficient In-Storage Learned Compaction for LSM-Trees via System-Algorithm Co-Design 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,915 Rethinking Learned Index and LSM-tree Integration 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,134 LiBox: A Learned Index as an Array to Minimize Last-Mile Search 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,191 VEGA: An Active-tuning Learned Index with Group-Wise Learning Granularity 2025 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 19 of 19 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
34 The Design Of Postgres 1986 SIGMOD 0.00049063803
40 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00046249672
216 Small Materialized Aggregates: A Light Weight Index Structure for Data Warehousing 1998 VLDB 0.00024446892
253 Database Cracking 2007 CIDR 0.00023037921
280 FAST: Fast Architecture Sensitive Tree Search on Modern CPUs and GPUs 2010 SIGMOD 0.00022267903
402 Monkey: Optimal Navigable Key-Value Store 2017 SIGMOD 0.00019070605
776 Bitmap Index Design and Evaluation 1998 SIGMOD 0.0001406101
812 Dimensionality Reduction for Similarity Searching in Dynamic Databases 1998 SIGMOD 0.00013710393
959 RDF-3X: a RISC-style Engine for RDF 2008 VLDB 0.00012825889
964 Reducing the Storage Overhead of Main-Memory OLTP Databases with Hybrid Indexes 2016 SIGMOD 0.00012798312
1,507 BF-Tree: Approximate Tree Indexing 2014 VLDB 0.0001041737
1,658 Efficient Parallel Lists Intersection and Index Compression Algorithms using Graphics Processing Units 2011 VLDB 9.945593e-05
1,723 Online Piece-wise Linear Approximation of Numerical Streams with Precision Guarantees 2009 VLDB 9.7807441e-05
1,902 Performance Measurements of Compressed Bitmap Indices 1999 VLDB 9.3884754e-05
2,337 Correlation Maps: A Compressed Access Method for Exploiting Soft Functional Dependencies 2009 VLDB 8.6002736e-05
3,428 Revisiting Reuse for Approximate Query Processing 2017 VLDB 7.2957009e-05
3,601 Two Birds, One Stone: A Fast, yet Lightweight, Indexing Scheme for Modern Database Systems 2017 VLDB 7.1582591e-05
4,789 UpBit: Scalable In-Memory Updatable Bitmap Indexing 2016 SIGMOD 6.4016324e-05
4,897 Design Tradeoffs of Data Access Methods 2016 SIGMOD 6.3489205e-05
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