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POLAR: Adaptive and Non-invasive Join Order Selection via Plans of Least Resistance

Summary: POLAR non-invasively augments left-deep pipelines with alternative join orders and regret-bounded tuple routing to self-select “plans of least resistance.” In DuckDB, it delivers up to 9× speedups with <7% overhead, outperforming prior AQP by 15×. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
hda8a4b4fc01dcf35
Venue
VLDB
Year
2024
Pagerank
5.5342768e-05
Overall Rank
7,410 | 50.18%
DOI
10.14778/3648160.3648175

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{justen_vldb24,
        title = {{POLAR: Adaptive and Non-invasive Join Order Selection via Plans of Least Resistance}},
        author = {Justen, David and Ritter, Daniel and Fraser, Campbell and Lamb, Andrew and Tran, Nga and Lee, Allison and Bodner, Thomas and Haddad, Mhd Yamen and Zeuch, Steffen and Markl, Volker and Boehm, Matthias},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '24},
        volume = {17},
        number = {6},
        pages = {1350--1363},
        doi = {10.14778/3648160.3648175},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3648160.3648175},
        year = {2024}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 7 of 7 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
4,950 Debunking the Myth of Join Ordering: Toward Robust SQL Analytics 2025 SIGMOD 6.3421691e-05
9,646 Are Joins over LSM-trees Ready? Take RocksDB as an Example 2025 VLDB 5.1453267e-05
10,103 Still Asking: How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2025 VLDB 5.0789354e-05
10,503 SmartRabbit: An Interactive Query Processor 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,832 ReSequel: Robust LLM-assisted Query Rewriting and Optimization using Templatization and Sampling 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,858 Sema: A High-performance System for LLM-based Semantic Query Processing 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,928 Real-time SQL Plan Management in Oracle 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 68 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1 Access Path Selection in a Relational Database Management System 1979 SIGMOD 0.0023947656
15 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00061066921
25 NiagaraCQ: A Scalable Continuous Query System for Internet Databases 2000 SIGMOD 0.00053930011
34 The Design Of Postgres 1986 SIGMOD 0.00049142315
40 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00046284649
52 The Snowflake Elastic Data Warehouse 2016 SIGMOD 0.00041219077
53 Eddies: Continuously Adaptive Query Processing 2000 SIGMOD 0.00040860054
71 DuckDB: an Embeddable Analytical Database 2019 SIGMOD 0.00037720227
85 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00035864347
91 On the Propagation of Errors in the Size of Join Results 1991 SIGMOD 0.0003475226
98 LEO - DB2's LEarning Optimizer 2001 VLDB 0.00034106982
112 TelegraphCQ: Continuous Dataflow Processing for an Uncertain World 2003 CIDR 0.00032459277
127 The Design of the Borealis Stream Processing Engine 2005 CIDR 0.00030427614
145 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.0002908188
149 Efficient Mid-Query Re-Optimization of Sub-Optimal Query Execution Plans 1998 SIGMOD 0.00028981723
160 CORDS: Automatic Discovery of Correlations and Soft Functional Dependencies 2004 SIGMOD 0.00027837289
232 Adaptive Selectivity Estimation Using Query Feedback 1994 SIGMOD 0.00023792809
233 Amazon Redshift and the Case for Simpler Data Warehouses 2015 SIGMOD 0.00023783585
325 The Dataflow Model: A Practical Approach to Balancing Correctness, Latency, and Cost in Massive-Scale, Unbounded, Out-of-Order Data Processing 2015 VLDB 0.00020964941
362 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00019989474
386 Preventing Bad Plans by Bounding the Impact of Cardinality Estimation Errors 2009 VLDB 0.00019444411
406 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00019045544
481 Robust Query Processing through Progressive Optimization 2004 SIGMOD 0.00017603972
606 Twitter Heron: Stream Processing at Scale 2015 SIGMOD 0.00015635133
646 Exploiting Statistics on Query Expressions for Optimization 2002 SIGMOD 0.0001520859
676 Load Shedding in a Data Stream Manager 2003 VLDB 0.00014853749
692 Selectivity Estimation for Range Predicates using Lightweight Models 2019 VLDB 0.00014741011
707 On Synopses for Distinct-Value Estimation Under Multiset Operations 2007 SIGMOD 0.00014640173
806 Universality of Serial Histograms 1993 VLDB 0.00013792174
827 Adaptive Ordering of Pipelined Stream Filters 2004 SIGMOD 0.00013632674
836 Proactive Re-Optimization 2005 SIGMOD 0.00013557047
884 Dynamic Programming Strikes Back 2008 SIGMOD 0.00013267935
996 Analyzing Plan Diagrams of Database Query Optimizers 2005 VLDB 0.00012634603
1,233 Dhalion: Self-Regulating Stream Processing in Heron 2017 VLDB 0.00011405873
1,301 Analysis of Two Existing and One New Dynamic Programming Algorithm for the Generation of Optimal Bushy Join Trees without Cross Products 2006 VLDB 0.00011112842
1,603 SkinnerDB: Regret-Bounded Query Evaluation via Reinforcement Learning 2019 SIGMOD 0.00010097649
1,606 The Picasso Database Query Optimizer Visualizer 2010 VLDB 0.00010089789
1,686 Garlic: A New Flavor of Federated Query Processing for DB2 2002 SIGMOD 9.8709217e-05
1,987 Plan Bouquets: Query Processing without Selectivity Estimation 2014 SIGMOD 9.250242e-05
2,195 Opening the Black Boxes in Data Flow Optimization 2012 VLDB 8.8781177e-05
2,885 Zero-Shot Cost Models for Out-of-the-box Learned Cost Prediction 2022 VLDB 7.9094988e-05
2,987 Adapting to Source Properties in Processing Data Integration Queries 2004 SIGMOD 7.7773398e-05
3,069 Adaptive Query Processing on RAW Data 2014 VLDB 7.6822697e-05
3,100 Micro Adaptivity in Vectorwise 2013 SIGMOD 7.6505054e-05
3,527 Identifying Robust Plans through Plan Diagram Reduction 2008 VLDB 7.2310714e-05
3,775 Parallelizing Query Optimization 2008 VLDB 7.0272615e-05
4,045 Adaptive Query Processing in the Looking Glass 2005 CIDR 6.8328968e-05
4,106 Content-Based Routing: Different Plans for Different Data 2005 VLDB 6.8032891e-05
4,209 Accelerating Queries with Group-By and Join by Groupjoin 2011 VLDB 6.7339503e-05
4,391 Bitvector-aware Query Optimization for Decision Support Queries 2020 SIGMOD 6.6214093e-05
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