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Athena: An Effective Learning-based Framework for Query Optimizer Performance Improvement

Summary: Athena is a learning-based framework that enhances query optimizer performance by expanding plan exploration and improving learning from executions. It features an order-centric plan explorer, a Tree-Mamba plan comparator, and a time-weighted loss, is implemented on PostgreSQL, and yields multi-benchmark speedups over vanilla PostgreSQL and Lero; open-sourced and portable. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
he6d591544e1aed78
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2025
Pagerank
5.1580326e-05
Overall Rank
9,556 | 35.78%
DOI
10.1145/3725395

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{li_sigmod25,
        title = {{Athena: An Effective Learning-based Framework for Query Optimizer Performance Improvement}},
        author = {Li, Runzhong and Li, Qilong and Liu, Haotian and Mao, Rui and Li, Qing and Tang, Bo},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '25},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3725395},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3725395},
        year = {2025}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 40 of 40 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1 Access Path Selection in a Relational Database Management System 1979 SIGMOD 0.0023943337
15 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00061067652
34 The Design Of Postgres 1986 SIGMOD 0.00049129967
85 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00035876108
98 LEO - DB2's LEarning Optimizer 2001 VLDB 0.00034099838
144 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.00029090793
234 TiDB: A Raft-based HTAP Database 2020 VLDB 0.00023756332
318 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00021166957
361 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00020000855
406 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00019050182
462 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.00017836105
510 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00017059914
560 Plan-Structured Deep Neural Network Models for Query Performance Prediction 2019 VLDB 0.00016408613
691 Selectivity Estimation for Range Predicates using Lightweight Models 2019 VLDB 0.00014737455
981 Cardinality Estimation in DBMS: A Comprehensive Benchmark Evaluation 2022 VLDB 0.00012713454
1,195 Balsa: Learning a Query Optimizer Without Expert Demonstrations 2022 SIGMOD 0.00011574218
1,515 DSB: A Decision Support Benchmark for Workload-Driven and Traditional Database Systems 2021 VLDB 0.00010418766
1,580 Deep Learning Models for Selectivity Estimation of Multi-Attribute Queries 2020 SIGMOD 0.00010177136
1,735 Flow-Loss: Learning Cardinality Estimates That Matter 2021 VLDB 9.7566604e-05
1,791 Greenplum: A Hybrid Database for Transactional and Analytical Workloads 2021 SIGMOD 9.6213736e-05
2,002 FLAT: Fast, Lightweight and Accurate Method for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 9.2076835e-05
2,209 Lero: A Learning-to-Rank Query Optimizer 2023 VLDB 8.8360101e-05
2,583 Fauce: Fast and Accurate Deep Ensembles with Uncertainty for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 8.2589842e-05
2,844 FactorJoin: A New Cardinality Estimation Framework for Join Queries 2023 SIGMOD 7.9446987e-05
3,053 A Unified Deep Model of Learning from both Data and Queries for Cardinality Estimation 2021 SIGMOD 7.7041081e-05
3,327 Robust Query Driven Cardinality Estimation under Changing Workloads 2023 VLDB 7.4233639e-05
3,479 LOGER: A Learned Optimizer towards Generating Efficient and Robust Query Execution Plans 2023 VLDB 7.2665349e-05
3,742 FACE: A Normalizing Flow based Cardinality Estimator 2022 VLDB 7.0564546e-05
4,191 Kepler: Robust Learning for Faster Parametric Query Optimization 2023 SIGMOD 6.7425275e-05
4,299 ALECE: An Attention-based Learned Cardinality Estimator for SPJ Queries on Dynamic Workloads 2024 VLDB 6.6766173e-05
5,224 SafeBound: A Practical System for Generating Cardinality Bounds 2023 SIGMOD 6.2197808e-05
5,630 Sample-Efficient Cardinality Estimation Using Geometric Deep Learning 2024 VLDB 6.056758e-05
5,776 Lemo: A Cache-Enhanced Learned Optimizer for Concurrent Queries 2023 SIGMOD 5.9957692e-05
6,664 Speeding Up End-to-end Query Execution via Learning-based Progressive Cardinality Estimation 2023 SIGMOD 5.715134e-05
6,824 ASM: Harmonizing Autoregressive Model, Sampling, and Multi-dimensional Statistics Merging for Cardinality Estimation 2024 SIGMOD 5.670071e-05
6,889 LPLM: A Neural Language Model for Cardinality Estimation of LIKE-Queries 2024 SIGMOD 5.6536655e-05
7,426 Learning to be a Statistician: Learned Estimator for Number of Distinct Values 2022 VLDB 5.5295692e-05
7,572 Convolution and Cross-Correlation of Count Sketches Enables Fast Cardinality Estimation of Multi-Join Queries 2024 SIGMOD 5.492682e-05
9,154 One Seed, Two Birds: A Unified Learned Structure for Exact and Approximate Counting 2024 SIGMOD 5.2176438e-05
9,649 CEDA: Learned Cardinality Estimation with Domain Adaptation 2023 VLDB 5.143243e-05
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