Database Paper Browser

Back to papers

Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical

Summary: Bao is a bandit-based learned optimizer atop optimizers, offering per-query hints via Thompson sampling and tree-CNNs. Adapts to workload, data, and schema changes, improving end-to-end and tail latency; cloud tests show cost reductions and stronger performance. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
6119
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2021
Pagerank
0.00018844568
Overall Rank
634 | 95.60%
DOI
10.1145/3448016.3452838

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 120 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
7,993 RCRank: Multimodal Ranking of Root Causes of Slow Queries in Cloud Database Systems 2025 VLDB 4.6080455e-05
7,994 Blueprinting the Cloud: Unifying and Automatically Optimizing Cloud Data Infrastructures with BRAD 2024 VLDB 4.607322e-05
8,003 The Holon Approach for Simultaneously Tuning Multiple Components in a Self-Driving Database Management System with Machine Learning via Synthesized Proto-Actions 2024 VLDB 4.6049527e-05
8,027 ADOPT: Adaptively Optimizing Attribute Orders for Worst-Case Optimal Join Algorithms via Reinforcement Learning 2023 VLDB 4.5986382e-05
8,149 Efficiently Computing Join Orders with Heuristic Search 2023 SIGMOD 4.5715614e-05
8,365 NeurDB: On the Design and Implementation of an AI-powered Autonomous Database 2025 CIDR 4.5305127e-05
8,411 The Case for Learned In-Memory Joins 2023 VLDB 4.5151296e-05
8,434 SageDB: An Instance-Optimized Data Analytics System 2022 VLDB 4.5077955e-05
8,440 PARQO: Penalty-Aware Robust Plan Selection in Query Optimization 2024 VLDB 4.505741e-05
8,479 Can Large Language Models Be Query Optimizer for Relational Databases? 2026 SIGMOD 4.4967983e-05
8,642 One Size Does Not Fit All: A Bandit-Based Sampler Combination Framework with Theoretical Guarantees 2022 SIGMOD 4.4734993e-05
8,660 Learned Offline Query Planning via Bayesian Optimization 2025 SIGMOD 4.4680058e-05
8,714 Tiresias: Enabling Predictive Autonomous Storage and Indexing 2022 VLDB 4.457682e-05
8,772 SkinnerMT: Parallelizing for Efficiency and Robustness in Adaptive Query Processing on Multicore Platforms 2023 VLDB 4.451034e-05
8,780 GEqO: ML-Accelerated Semantic Equivalence Detection 2023 SIGMOD 4.4485568e-05
8,847 Towards Foundation Database Models 2025 CIDR 4.4329366e-05
8,854 Optimizing the cloud? Don't train models. Build oracles! 2024 CIDR 4.4306537e-05
8,961 T3: Accurate and Fast Performance Prediction for Relational Database Systems With Compiled Decision Trees 2025 SIGMOD 4.4171776e-05
9,012 Hit the Gym: Accelerating Query Execution to Efficiently Bootstrap Behavior Models for Self-Driving Database Management Systems 2024 VLDB 4.4059413e-05
9,107 BASE: Bridging the Gap between Cost and Latency for Query Optimization 2023 VLDB 4.3907944e-05
9,141 Automatic SQL Error Mitigation in Oracle 2023 VLDB 4.382234e-05
9,191 POLAR: Adaptive and Non-invasive Join Order Selection via Plans of Least Resistance 2024 VLDB 4.3738237e-05
9,322 Are Joins over LSM-trees Ready? Take RocksDB as an Example 2025 VLDB 4.351469e-05
9,350 LIMAO: A Framework for Lifelong Modular Learned Query Optimization 2025 VLDB 4.3494621e-05
9,469 Database Gyms 2023 CIDR 4.3304872e-05
9,581 Low Rank Learning for Offline Query Optimization 2025 SIGMOD 4.3186744e-05
9,692 ROME: Robust Query Optimization via Parallel Multi-Plan Execution 2024 SIGMOD 4.2986161e-05
9,709 QO-Insight: Inspecting Steered Query Optimizers 2023 VLDB 4.2951473e-05
9,746 Still Asking: How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2025 VLDB 4.2856385e-05
9,787 The Image Calculator: 10x Faster Image-AI Inference by Replacing JPEG with Self-designing Storage Format 2024 SIGMOD 4.2799988e-05
9,824 Athena: An Effective Learning-based Framework for Query Optimizer Performance Improvement 2025 SIGMOD 4.2710095e-05
9,826 PLATON: Top-down R-tree Packing with Learned Partition Policy 2023 SIGMOD 4.2710095e-05
9,868 Turbo-Charging SPJ Query Plans with Learned Physical Join Operator Selections 2022 VLDB 4.2634472e-05
9,916 Check Out the Big Brain on BRAD: Simplifying Cloud Data Processing with Learned Automated Data Meshes 2023 VLDB 4.2520778e-05
9,947 SSCard: Substring Cardinality Estimation using Suffix Tree-Guided Learned FM-Index 2026 SIGMOD 4.2391999e-05
9,959 An Elephant Under The Microscope: Analyzing The Interaction Of Optimizer Components In PostgreSQL 2025 SIGMOD 4.2254157e-05
9,982 Does A Fish Need a Bicycle? The Case for On-Chip NPUs in DBMS 2026 CIDR 4.1905499e-05
10,018 GenJoin: Conditional Generative Plan-to-Plan Query Optimizer that Learns from Subplan Hints 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,050 APQO: An Adaptive Framework for Parametric Query Optimization 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,096 NeuSO: Neural Optimizer for Subgraph Queries 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,112 SEFRQO: A Self-Evolving Fine-Tuned RAG-Based Query Optimizer 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,156 Divo: Learning a Stable and Effective Query Optimizer with a Diverse Workload 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,199 R2O: A Dual-Layer Framework for Joint Rewriting and Ordering in Distributed Property Graph Query Optimization 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,203 Reqo: A Comprehensive Learning-Based Cost Model for Robust and Explainable Query Optimization 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,217 This is Going to Sound Crazy, But What If We Used Large Language Models to Boost Automatic Database Tuning Algorithms By Leveraging Prior History? We Will Find Better Configurations More Quickly Than Retraining From Scratch! 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,219 Practical Parameterized Query Optimization via Efficient Plan Reuse and List-wise Ranking 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,225 LIO: A lightweight and interpretable query optimizer based on an evolutionary forest 2026 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,227 Sample-based Distinct Cardinality Estimation for Multiple Attributes in Multi-Dataset Queries 2026 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,265 AQD: Online Adaptive Query Dispatcher for HTAP Databases 2026 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,271 OBELISK: Efficient Offline Query Planning with Bayesian Optimization-Informed Language Model Reasoning 2026 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
Previous Page 2 / 3 Next

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 20 of 20 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1 Access Path Selection in a Relational Database Management System 1979 SIGMOD 0.0040465394
71 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00059446482
101 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00049778866
181 LEO - DB2's LEarning Optimizer 2001 VLDB 0.00036970794
203 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00034868567
329 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.00027301488
371 Self-Driving Database Management Systems 2017 CIDR 0.00025382677
752 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00017138049
796 SageDB: A Learned Database System 2019 CIDR 0.00016541749
804 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.0001643674
876 Plan-Structured Deep Neural Network Models for Query Performance Prediction 2019 VLDB 0.00015660534
905 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00015423174
1,017 Robust Estimation of Resource Consumption for SQL Queries using Statistical Techniques 2012 VLDB 0.00014627121
1,727 QuickSel: Quick Selectivity Learning with Mixture Models 2020 SIGMOD 0.00010731889
1,856 AI Meets AI: Leveraging Query Executions to Improve Index Recommendations 2019 SIGMOD 0.00010319105
2,154 SkinnerDB: Regret-Bounded Query Evaluation via Reinforcement Learning 2018 VLDB 9.4176683e-05
2,309 On Predictive Modeling for Optimizing Transaction Execution in Parallel OLTP Systems 2012 VLDB 9.0630462e-05
2,959 SQLShare: Results from a Multi-Year SQL-as-a-Service Experiment 2016 SIGMOD 7.8116974e-05
4,547 Database-Agnostic Workload Management 2019 CIDR 6.0904384e-05
4,966 Releasing Cloud Databases from the Chains of Performance Prediction Models 2017 CIDR 5.7949047e-05
Previous Page 1 / 1 Next

Semantically Similar Papers

Overall Rank Paper Year Venue Pagerank
7,009 Is Your Learned Query Optimizer Behaving As You Expect? A Machine Learning Perspective 2024 VLDB 4.8597992e-05
10,481 Approximating Opaque Top-k Queries 2025 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
5,673 Budget-aware Index Tuning with Reinforcement Learning 2022 SIGMOD 5.3789277e-05
9,107 BASE: Bridging the Gap between Cost and Latency for Query Optimization 2023 VLDB 4.3907944e-05
3,658 Towards a Hands-Free Query Optimizer through Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 6.8700949e-05
9,581 Low Rank Learning for Offline Query Optimization 2025 SIGMOD 4.3186744e-05
5,994 Steering Query Optimizers: A Practical Take on Big Data Workloads 2021 SIGMOD 5.2367998e-05
8,660 Learned Offline Query Planning via Bayesian Optimization 2025 SIGMOD 4.4680058e-05
2,090 Balsa: Learning a Query Optimizer Without Expert Demonstrations 2022 SIGMOD 9.5668285e-05
5,654 AutoSteer: Learned Query Optimization for Any SQL Database 2023 VLDB 5.3882121e-05