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Graph Transformers for Query Plan Representation: Potentials and Challenges

Summary: Finds Graph Transformer Networks (GTNs) excel at query-plan representation (new taxonomy) but degrade with scarce training data. Proposes data augmentation and replacing LM-style components in GTNs, yielding SOTA on JOB/TPC-H/TPC-DS and TPC-DS→TPC-H transfer. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h0f81ead9b3eec267
Venue
VLDB
Year
2025
Pagerank
5.0845476e-05
Overall Rank
9,995 | 33.01%
DOI
10.14778/3773731.3773745
PDF
Download (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{lyu_vldb25,
        title = {{Graph Transformers for Query Plan Representation: Potentials and Challenges}},
        author = {Lyu, Chenghao and Lachaud, Guillaume and Lozano, Gabriel and Diao, Yanlei},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '25},
        volume = {18},
        number = {13},
        pages = {5716--5730},
        doi = {10.14778/3773731.3773745},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3773731.3773745},
        year = {2025}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 1 of 1 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
10,989 ScaleSense: Cost-Intelligent Scaling Framework via Learned Resource Estimation in Alibaba AnalyticDB 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 52 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
15 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00061463175
74 Automatic Database Management System Tuning Through Large-scale Machine Learning 2017 SIGMOD 0.00037164008
84 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00035920657
142 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.00029114937
313 Tuning Database Configuration Parameters with iTuned 2009 VLDB 0.00021288111
320 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00021128745
355 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00020146245
381 Preventing Bad Plans by Bounding the Impact of Cardinality Estimation Errors 2009 VLDB 0.00019497061
405 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00019020138
453 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.0001801482
508 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00017108973
545 Plan-Structured Deep Neural Network Models for Query Performance Prediction 2019 VLDB 0.0001657599
689 Cardinality Estimation Done Right: Index-Based Join Sampling 2017 CIDR 0.00014725904
1,175 Balsa: Learning a Query Optimizer Without Expert Demonstrations 2022 SIGMOD 0.00011630532
1,238 DB-BERT: A Database Tuning Tool that "Reads the Manual" 2022 SIGMOD 0.00011375179
1,282 AI Meets AI: Leveraging Query Executions to Improve Index Recommendations 2019 SIGMOD 0.00011197535
1,436 Towards a Learning Optimizer for Shared Clouds 2019 VLDB 0.00010658836
1,583 Deep Learning Models for Selectivity Estimation of Multi-Attribute Queries 2020 SIGMOD 0.00010148362
1,740 Flow-Loss: Learning Cardinality Estimates That Matter 2021 VLDB 9.7289523e-05
1,791 Why TPC Is Not Enough: An Analysis of the Amazon Redshift Fleet 2024 VLDB 9.6212919e-05
2,009 FLAT: Fast, Lightweight and Accurate Method for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 9.1813272e-05
2,162 Towards Cost-Optimal Query Processing in the Cloud 2021 VLDB 8.9192007e-05
2,169 QueryFormer: A Tree Transformer Model for Query Plan Representation 2022 VLDB 8.9151935e-05
2,190 Lero: A Learning-to-Rank Query Optimizer 2023 VLDB 8.8848923e-05
2,227 GPTuner: A Manual-Reading Database Tuning System via GPT-Guided Bayesian Optimization 2024 VLDB 8.7924681e-05
2,572 ResTune: Resource Oriented Tuning Boosted by Meta-Learning for Cloud Databases 2021 SIGMOD 8.2581875e-05
2,584 Fauce: Fast and Accurate Deep Ensembles with Uncertainty for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 8.2435322e-05
2,619 Zero-Shot Cost Models for Out-of-the-box Learned Cost Prediction 2022 VLDB 8.1985665e-05
2,696 Cost-based or Learning-based? A Hybrid Query Optimizer for Query Plan Selection 2022 VLDB 8.1068354e-05
2,828 Cost Models for Big Data Query Processing: Learning, Retrofitting, and Our Findings 2020 SIGMOD 7.9476509e-05
3,060 A Unified Deep Model of Learning from both Data and Queries for Cardinality Estimation 2021 SIGMOD 7.6828463e-05
3,269 Robust Query Driven Cardinality Estimation under Changing Workloads 2023 VLDB 7.463682e-05
3,481 LOGER: A Learned Optimizer towards Generating Efficient and Robust Query Execution Plans 2023 VLDB 7.2463722e-05
3,740 FACE: A Normalizing Flow based Cardinality Estimator 2022 VLDB 7.0398782e-05
4,101 Towards Dynamic and Safe Configuration Tuning for Cloud Databases 2022 SIGMOD 6.7930727e-05
4,247 LEON: A New Framework for ML-Aided Query Optimization 2023 VLDB 6.6920059e-05
4,315 ALECE: An Attention-based Learned Cardinality Estimator for SPJ Queries on Dynamic Workloads 2024 VLDB 6.6545412e-05
4,683 AutoSteer: Learned Query Optimization for Any SQL Database 2023 VLDB 6.4545989e-05
4,698 LOCAT: Low-Overhead Online Configuration Auto-Tuning of Spark SQL Applications 2022 SIGMOD 6.4476818e-05
4,833 Stage: Query Execution Time Prediction in Amazon Redshift 2024 SIGMOD 6.3834856e-05
5,043 Fine-Grained Modeling and Optimization for Intelligent Resource Management in Big Data Processing 2022 VLDB 6.28918e-05
5,304 An Efficient Transfer Learning Based Configuration Adviser for Database Tuning 2024 VLDB 6.1758143e-05
5,367 Adaptive and Robust Query Execution for Lakehouses at Scale 2024 VLDB 6.1462017e-05
5,457 Sample-Efficient Cardinality Estimation Using Geometric Deep Learning 2024 VLDB 6.1058928e-05
5,484 A Comparative Study and Component Analysis of Query Plan Representation Techniques in ML4DB Studies 2024 VLDB 6.0980944e-05
5,854 Modeling Shifting Workloads for Learned Database Systems 2024 SIGMOD 5.9520525e-05
6,464 Towards General and Efficient Online Tuning for Spark 2023 VLDB 5.759941e-05
7,377 PerfGuard: Deploying ML-for-Systems without Performance Regressions, Almost! 2021 VLDB 5.5238616e-05
7,387 Weighted Distinct Sampling: Cardinality Estimation for SPJ Queries 2021 SIGMOD 5.5212177e-05
8,026 A Spark Optimizer for Adaptive, Fine-Grained Parameter Tuning 2024 VLDB 5.3884724e-05
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