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An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator

Summary: End-to-end learning-based cost estimator with a tree-structured model that jointly estimates cost and cardinality. Features span queries and physical operators; a pattern-based string embedding handles predicates without enumerating values, yielding superior accuracy over baselines on real data. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
12191
Venue
VLDB
Year
2020
Pagerank
0.00016434274
Overall Rank
806 | 94.40%
DOI
10.14778/3368289.3368296

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 104 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
608 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00019235898
640 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00018759152
782 QTune: A Query-Aware Database Tuning System with Deep Reinforcement Learning 2019 VLDB 0.00016729063
910 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00015423056
1,638 Cardinality Estimation in DBMS: A Comprehensive Benchmark Evaluation 2022 VLDB 0.00011049779
1,703 Are We Ready For Learned Cardinality Estimation? 2021 VLDB 0.00010836769
2,121 Balsa: Learning a Query Optimizer Without Expert Demonstrations 2022 SIGMOD 9.5017232e-05
2,364 Deep Learning Models for Selectivity Estimation of Multi-Attribute Queries 2020 SIGMOD 8.9554751e-05
2,783 Flow-Loss: Learning Cardinality Estimates That Matter 2021 VLDB 8.1293383e-05
3,001 Neural Subgraph Counting with Wasserstein Estimator 2022 SIGMOD 7.7404487e-05
3,076 Learning a Partitioning Advisor for Cloud Databases 2020 SIGMOD 7.6107677e-05
3,169 QueryFormer: A Tree Transformer Model for Query Plan Representation 2022 VLDB 7.4498425e-05
3,248 A Learned Query Rewrite System using Monte Carlo Tree Search 2022 VLDB 7.3258782e-05
3,266 Learned Cardinality Estimation: An In-depth Study 2022 SIGMOD 7.3074684e-05
3,348 Lero: A Learning-to-Rank Query Optimizer 2023 VLDB 7.1904529e-05
3,449 Learned Cardinality Estimation: A Design Space Exploration and A Comparative Evaluation 2022 VLDB 7.0824319e-05
3,473 AI Meets Database: AI4DB and DB4AI 2021 SIGMOD 7.062864e-05
3,580 Query Performance Prediction for Concurrent Queries using Graph Embedding 2020 VLDB 6.9500996e-05
3,727 Cost-based or Learning-based? A Hybrid Query Optimizer for Query Plan Selection 2022 VLDB 6.8141709e-05
3,778 A Learned Sketch for Subgraph Counting 2021 SIGMOD 6.7747398e-05
3,828 Zero-Shot Cost Models for Out-of-the-box Learned Cost Prediction 2022 VLDB 6.7208524e-05
3,924 A Unified Deep Model of Learning from both Data and Queries for Cardinality Estimation 2021 SIGMOD 6.6271553e-05
3,990 FactorJoin: A New Cardinality Estimation Framework for Join Queries 2023 SIGMOD 6.5581983e-05
4,152 openGauss: An Autonomous Database System 2021 VLDB 6.4060406e-05
4,359 Astrid: Accurate Selectivity Estimation for String Predicates using Deep Learning 2021 VLDB 6.2569955e-05
4,434 Lightweight and Accurate Cardinality Estimation by Neural Network Gaussian Process 2022 SIGMOD 6.1929999e-05
4,446 Stable Learned Bloom Filters for Data Streams 2020 VLDB 6.1800659e-05
4,462 LOGER: A Learned Optimizer towards Generating Efficient and Robust Query Execution Plans 2023 VLDB 6.1611784e-05
4,543 FACE: A Normalizing Flow based Cardinality Estimator 2022 VLDB 6.1011198e-05
4,590 MB2: Decomposed Behavior Modeling for Self-Driving Database Management Systems 2021 SIGMOD 6.0620053e-05
4,661 PreQR: Pre-training Representation for SQL Understanding 2022 SIGMOD 6.0137947e-05
4,804 Efficient Deep Learning Pipelines for Accurate Cost Estimations Over Large Scale Query Workload 2021 SIGMOD 5.910467e-05
4,842 Towards Dynamic and Safe Configuration Tuning for Cloud Databases 2022 SIGMOD 5.8826802e-05
5,125 The Art of Balance: A RateupDBTM Experience of Building a CPU/GPU Hybrid Database Product 2021 VLDB 5.679423e-05
5,258 One Model to Rule them All: Towards Zero-Shot Learning for Databases 2022 CIDR 5.5998705e-05
5,334 LEON: A New Framework for ML-Aided Query Optimization 2023 VLDB 5.5649836e-05
5,337 Learned Index Benefits: Machine Learning Based Index Performance Estimation 2022 VLDB 5.5635208e-05
5,368 Fine-Grained Modeling and Optimization for Intelligent Resource Management in Big Data Processing 2022 VLDB 5.5457532e-05
5,469 Learned Cardinality Estimation for Similarity Queries 2021 SIGMOD 5.4898192e-05
5,622 Monotonic Cardinality Estimation of Similarity Selection: A Deep Learning Approach 2020 SIGMOD 5.4060403e-05
5,637 Database Workload Characterization with Query Plan Encoders 2022 VLDB 5.3979505e-05
5,832 Stage: Query Execution Time Prediction in Amazon Redshift 2024 SIGMOD 5.3111109e-05
5,861 Machine Learning for Databases 2021 VLDB 5.298883e-05
5,930 FASTgres: Making Learned Query Optimizer Hinting Effective 2023 VLDB 5.2682075e-05
5,952 Eraser: Eliminating Performance Regression on Learned Query Optimizer 2024 VLDB 5.2591691e-05
6,230 Learned Approximate Query Processing: Make it Light, Accurate and Fast 2021 CIDR 5.145989e-05
6,297 Towards instance-optimized data systems 2021 VLDB 5.1227886e-05
6,328 A Comparative Study and Component Analysis of Query Plan Representation Techniques in ML4DB Studies 2024 VLDB 5.1082882e-05
6,383 Sample-Efficient Cardinality Estimation Using Geometric Deep Learning 2024 VLDB 5.0884322e-05
6,519 Expand your Training Limits! Generating Training Data for ML-based Data Management 2021 SIGMOD 5.0316686e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 13 of 13 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
71 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00059038975
92 Practical Selectivity Estimation through Adaptive Sampling 1990 SIGMOD 0.00051315959
204 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00034784455
325 The History of Histograms (abridged) 2003 VLDB 0.00027378328
333 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.00027206884
514 An End-to-End Automatic Cloud Database Tuning System Using Deep Reinforcement Learning 2019 SIGMOD 0.0002124895
782 QTune: A Query-Aware Database Tuning System with Deep Reinforcement Learning 2019 VLDB 0.00016729063
884 Plan-Structured Deep Neural Network Models for Query Performance Prediction 2019 VLDB 0.00015654004
1,019 Robust Estimation of Resource Consumption for SQL Queries using Statistical Techniques 2012 VLDB 0.00014625603
1,105 Cardinality Estimation Done Right: Index-Based Join Sampling 2017 CIDR 0.00013990395
1,758 Sampling-Based Query Re-Optimization 2016 SIGMOD 0.00010655546
2,665 Statistical Learning Techniques for Costing XML Queries 2005 VLDB 8.3498101e-05
2,669 A Black-Box Approach to Query Cardinality Estimation 2007 CIDR 8.3389856e-05
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