DBScholar

Back to papers

The Case for Learned Index Structures

Summary: Indexes treated as models; learned indexes proposed as replacements for B-Tree, Hash, and Bitmap indexes. The paper analyzes theoretical conditions under which learned indexes outperform traditional ones and reports initial results, signaling ML-driven data management as a design paradigm. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h951df9242ad9178d
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2018
Pagerank
0.00046249672
Overall Rank
40 | 99.74%
DOI
10.1145/3183713.3196909
PDF
Download (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{kraska_sigmod18,
        title = {{The Case for Learned Index Structures}},
        author = {Kraska, Tim and Beutel, Alex and Chi, Ed H. and Dean, Jeffrey and Polyzotis, Neoklis},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '18},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3183713.3196909},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3183713.3196909},
        year = {2018}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 220 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
6,730 Replicated Layout for In-Memory Database Systems 2022 VLDB 5.6801409e-05
6,802 SALI: A Scalable Adaptive Learned Index Framework based on Probability Models 2023 SIGMOD 5.6623052e-05
6,889 Accelerating String-key Learned Index Structures via Memoization-based Incremental Training 2024 VLDB 5.6393954e-05
6,901 Evaluating Persistent Memory Range Indexes: Part Two 2022 VLDB 5.6367813e-05
6,963 The Past, Present and Future of Indexing on Persistent Memory 2022 VLDB 5.6181098e-05
7,103 LITS: An Optimized Learned Index for Strings 2024 VLDB 5.5824915e-05
7,180 Adaptive Hybrid Indexes 2022 SIGMOD 5.5767825e-05
7,208 Building Fast and Compact Sketches for Approximately Multi-Set Multi-Membership Querying 2021 SIGMOD 5.5701802e-05
7,314 Hyper: A High-Performance and Memory-Efficient Learned Index via Hybrid Construction 2024 SIGMOD 5.5425359e-05
7,341 LIDER: An Efficient High-dimensional Learned Index for Large-scale Dense Passage Retrieval 2023 VLDB 5.5333312e-05
7,363 Blueprinting the Cloud: Unifying and Automatically Optimizing Cloud Data Infrastructures with BRAD 2024 VLDB 5.5279826e-05
7,377 PerfGuard: Deploying ML-for-Systems without Performance Regressions, Almost! 2021 VLDB 5.5238616e-05
7,383 Optimizing Collections of Bloom Filters within a Space Budget 2024 VLDB 5.5222465e-05
7,388 Towards Foundation Database Models 2025 CIDR 5.5211011e-05
7,414 LiteHST: A Tree Embedding based Method for Similarity Search 2023 SIGMOD 5.5161476e-05
7,432 POLAR: Adaptive and Non-invasive Join Order Selection via Plans of Least Resistance 2024 VLDB 5.5133928e-05
7,554 Time Series Representation for Visualization in Apache IoTDB 2024 SIGMOD 5.4800579e-05
7,621 SageDB: An Instance-Optimized Data Analytics System 2022 VLDB 5.4664683e-05
7,727 The next 50 Years in Database Indexing or: The Case for Automatically Generated Index Structures 2022 VLDB 5.4518367e-05
7,746 A Progress Report on DBOS: A Database-oriented Operating System 2022 CIDR 5.4456907e-05
7,830 Machine Learning for Cloud Data Systems: the Progress so far and the Path Forward 2021 VLDB 5.4294933e-05
7,844 Bespoke OLAP: Synthesizing Workload-Specific One-size-fits-one Database Engines 2026 VLDB 5.4255843e-05
7,925 CAMAL: Optimizing LSM-trees via Active Learning 2024 SIGMOD 5.4086685e-05
7,959 Aleph Filter: To Infinity in Constant Time 2024 VLDB 5.4014706e-05
8,050 NeurDB: On the Design and Implementation of an AI-powered Autonomous Database 2025 CIDR 5.3839177e-05
8,155 Diva: Dynamic Range Filter for Var-Length Keys and Queries 2025 VLDB 5.372731e-05
8,201 Towards Designing and Learning Piecewise Space-Filling Curves 2023 VLDB 5.3623066e-05
8,219 WISK: A Workload-aware Learned Index for Spatial Keyword Queries 2023 SIGMOD 5.359172e-05
8,222 Sieve: A Learned Data-Skipping Index for Data Analytics 2023 VLDB 5.3585489e-05
8,223 Algorithmic Complexity Attacks on Dynamic Learned Indexes 2024 VLDB 5.3584214e-05
8,297 Consistent and Flexible Selectivity Estimation for High-Dimensional Data 2021 SIGMOD 5.3438874e-05
8,372 Towards Building Autonomous Data Services on Azure 2023 SIGMOD 5.3287108e-05
8,391 Waffle: A Workload-Aware and Query-Sensitive Framework for Disk-Based Spatial Indexing 2023 VLDB 5.3248747e-05
8,401 Tuning Hierarchical Learned Indexes on Disk and Beyond 2022 SIGMOD 5.3233821e-05
8,419 The Case for Learned In-Memory Joins 2023 VLDB 5.3198816e-05
8,443 Femur: A Flexible Framework for Fast and Secure Querying from Public Key-Value Store 2025 SIGMOD 5.3148581e-05
8,502 Deep Learning: Systems and Responsibility 2021 SIGMOD 5.3130138e-05
8,558 AirIndex: Versatile Index Tuning Through Data and Storage 2023 SIGMOD 5.3016395e-05
8,560 Cabin: a Compressed Adaptive Binned Scan Index 2024 SIGMOD 5.3014368e-05
8,638 Limousine: Blending Learned and Classical Indexes to Self-Design Larger-than-Memory Cloud Storage Engines 2024 SIGMOD 5.2825944e-05
8,657 LIMAO: A Framework for Lifelong Modular Learned Query Optimization 2025 VLDB 5.2790784e-05
8,778 Optimizing Video Selection LIMIT Queries With Commonsense Knowledge 2024 VLDB 5.2652839e-05
8,782 A New Paradigm in Tuning Learned Indexes: A Reinforcement Learning Enhanced Approach 2025 SIGMOD 5.2647219e-05
8,903 Why Are Learned Indexes So Effective but Sometimes Ineffective? 2025 VLDB 5.238416e-05
8,975 Machine Unlearning in Learned Databases: An Experimental Analysis 2024 SIGMOD 5.2343759e-05
8,978 HAP: An Efficient Hamming Space Index Based on Augmented Pigeonhole Principle 2022 SIGMOD 5.2334381e-05
9,034 Entropy-Learned Hashing: Constant Time Hashing with Controllable Uniformity 2022 SIGMOD 5.219451e-05
9,143 Check Out the Big Brain on BRAD: Simplifying Cloud Data Processing with Learned Automated Data Meshes 2023 VLDB 5.2074327e-05
9,176 One Seed, Two Birds: A Unified Learned Structure for Exact and Approximate Counting 2024 SIGMOD 5.200391e-05
9,181 Towards Systematic Index Dynamization 2024 VLDB 5.1989155e-05
Previous Page 3 / 5 Next

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 18 of 18 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
34 The Design Of Postgres 1986 SIGMOD 0.00049063803
59 Differential Files: Their Application To The Maintenance Of Large Data Bases 1976 SIGMOD 0.00039478403
68 Making B+-Trees Cache Conscious in Main Memory 2000 SIGMOD 0.00037861537
216 Small Materialized Aggregates: A Light Weight Index Structure for Data Warehousing 1998 VLDB 0.00024446892
230 A Study of Index Structures for Main Memory Database Management Systems 1986 VLDB 0.00023845485
280 FAST: Fast Architecture Sensitive Tree Search on Modern CPUs and GPUs 2010 SIGMOD 0.00022267903
649 Building a Database on S3 2008 SIGMOD 0.00015156241
959 RDF-3X: a RISC-style Engine for RDF 2008 VLDB 0.00012825889
964 Reducing the Storage Overhead of Main-Memory OLTP Databases with Hybrid Indexes 2016 SIGMOD 0.00012798312
1,117 Adaptive Range Filters for Cold Data: Avoiding Trips to Siberia 2013 VLDB 0.00011928965
1,213 A Seven-Dimensional Analysis of Hashing Methods and its Implications on Query Processing 2016 VLDB 0.00011492443
1,349 The End of a Myth: Distributed Transactions Can Scale 2017 VLDB 0.00010940559
1,449 An Architecture for Compiling UDF-centric Workflows 2015 VLDB 0.00010597074
1,507 BF-Tree: Approximate Tree Indexing 2014 VLDB 0.0001041737
1,643 SCADS: Scale-Independent Storage for Social Computing Applications 2009 CIDR 9.9801601e-05
3,383 A Hybrid B+-tree as Solution for In-Memory Indexing on CPU-GPU Heterogeneous Computing Platforms 2016 SIGMOD 7.3393628e-05
3,601 Two Birds, One Stone: A Fast, yet Lightweight, Indexing Scheme for Modern Database Systems 2017 VLDB 7.1582591e-05
4,972 The Wavelet Trie: Maintaining an Indexed Sequence of Strings in Compressed Space 2012 PODS 6.3208187e-05
Previous Page 1 / 1 Next

Semantically Similar Papers