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Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer

Summary: Neo (Neural Optimizer) uses deep neural networks to generate query execution plans, offering a learning-based alternative to hand-tuned optimizers. Bootstrapped from traditional optimizers, it learns from live queries, adapts to data patterns, is robust to estimation errors, and can match or surpass state-of-the-art engines. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
hb5f47951a0efd824
Venue
VLDB
Year
2019
Pagerank
0.00029114937
Overall Rank
142 | 99.05%
DOI
10.14778/3342263.3342644
PDF
Download (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{marcus_vldb19,
        title = {{Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer}},
        author = {Marcus, Ryan and Negi, Parimarjan and Mao, Hongzi and Zhang, Chi and Alizadeh, Mohammad and Kraska, Tim and Papaemmanouil, Olga and Tatbul, Nesime},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '19},
        volume = {12},
        number = {11},
        pages = {1705--1718},
        doi = {10.14778/3342263.3342644},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3342263.3342644},
        year = {2019}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 180 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
320 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00021128745
355 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00020146245
405 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00019020138
427 ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index 2020 SIGMOD 0.00018429918
453 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.0001801482
508 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00017108973
1,064 Are We Ready For Learned Cardinality Estimation? 2021 VLDB 0.00012181459
1,132 Qd-tree: Learning Data Layouts for Big Data Analytics 2020 SIGMOD 0.00011873466
1,156 QuickSel: Quick Selectivity Learning with Mixture Models 2020 SIGMOD 0.00011759683
1,175 Balsa: Learning a Query Optimizer Without Expert Demonstrations 2022 SIGMOD 0.00011630532
1,238 DB-BERT: A Database Tuning Tool that "Reads the Manual" 2022 SIGMOD 0.00011375179
1,529 Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions 2021 VLDB 0.00010320909
1,583 Deep Learning Models for Selectivity Estimation of Multi-Attribute Queries 2020 SIGMOD 0.00010148362
1,700 Black or White? How to Develop an AutoTuner for Memory-based Analytics 2020 SIGMOD 9.8224761e-05
1,740 Flow-Loss: Learning Cardinality Estimates That Matter 2021 VLDB 9.7289523e-05
1,888 WeTune: Automatic Discovery and Verification of Query Rewrite Rules 2022 SIGMOD 9.4148912e-05
1,931 CodexDB: Synthesizing Code for Query Processing from Natural Language Instructions using GPT-3 Codex 2022 VLDB 9.3449634e-05
2,009 FLAT: Fast, Lightweight and Accurate Method for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 9.1813272e-05
2,169 QueryFormer: A Tree Transformer Model for Query Plan Representation 2022 VLDB 8.9151935e-05
2,190 Lero: A Learning-to-Rank Query Optimizer 2023 VLDB 8.8848923e-05
2,389 A Learned Query Rewrite System using Monte Carlo Tree Search 2022 VLDB 8.5228689e-05
2,398 Vertica-ML: Distributed Machine Learning in Vertica Database 2020 SIGMOD 8.5070634e-05
2,481 Learning a Partitioning Advisor for Cloud Databases 2020 SIGMOD 8.3862675e-05
2,590 Are Updatable Learned Indexes Ready? 2022 VLDB 8.2368464e-05
2,619 Zero-Shot Cost Models for Out-of-the-box Learned Cost Prediction 2022 VLDB 8.1985665e-05
2,696 Cost-based or Learning-based? A Hybrid Query Optimizer for Query Plan Selection 2022 VLDB 8.1068354e-05
2,772 Instance-Optimized Data Layouts for Cloud Analytics Workloads 2021 SIGMOD 8.0148928e-05
2,828 Cost Models for Big Data Query Processing: Learning, Retrofitting, and Our Findings 2020 SIGMOD 7.9476509e-05
2,852 FactorJoin: A New Cardinality Estimation Framework for Join Queries 2023 SIGMOD 7.9201312e-05
2,913 AI Meets Database: AI4DB and DB4AI 2021 SIGMOD 7.855786e-05
2,971 Proving Query Equivalence Using Linear Integer Arithmetic 2023 SIGMOD 7.7851336e-05
3,269 Robust Query Driven Cardinality Estimation under Changing Workloads 2023 VLDB 7.463682e-05
3,328 Auto-WLM: Machine Learning Enhanced Workload Management in Amazon Redshift 2023 SIGMOD 7.4094448e-05
3,481 LOGER: A Learned Optimizer towards Generating Efficient and Robust Query Execution Plans 2023 VLDB 7.2463722e-05
3,486 HUNTER: An Online Cloud Database Hybrid Tuning System for Personalized Requirements 2022 SIGMOD 7.2428834e-05
3,555 Astrid: Accurate Selectivity Estimation for String Predicates using Deep Learning 2021 VLDB 7.1877332e-05
3,679 Leaper: A Learned Prefetcher for Cache Invalidation in LSM-tree based Storage Engines 2020 VLDB 7.0849238e-05
3,687 openGauss: An Autonomous Database System 2021 VLDB 7.0797286e-05
3,709 Stable Learned Bloom Filters for Data Streams 2020 VLDB 7.0586477e-05
3,715 The Case for a Learned Sorting Algorithm 2020 SIGMOD 7.0549546e-05
3,783 HTAP Databases: What is New and What is Next 2022 SIGMOD 7.0016354e-05
3,818 Comprehensive and Efficient Workload Compression 2021 VLDB 6.983427e-05
3,889 FiGO: Fine-Grained Query Optimization in Video Analytics 2022 SIGMOD 6.9269184e-05
3,951 Deploying a Steered Query Optimizer in Production at Microsoft 2022 SIGMOD 6.8884038e-05
3,959 MB2: Decomposed Behavior Modeling for Self-Driving Database Management Systems 2021 SIGMOD 6.8804723e-05
3,967 Efficient Deep Learning Pipelines for Accurate Cost Estimations Over Large Scale Query Workload 2021 SIGMOD 6.8772718e-05
4,063 The Art of Balance: A RateupDB Experience of Building a CPU/GPU Hybrid Database Product 2021 VLDB 6.812902e-05
4,101 Towards Dynamic and Safe Configuration Tuning for Cloud Databases 2022 SIGMOD 6.7930727e-05
4,202 Kepler: Robust Learning for Faster Parametric Query Optimization 2023 SIGMOD 6.7258607e-05
4,247 LEON: A New Framework for ML-Aided Query Optimization 2023 VLDB 6.6920059e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 14 of 14 cited papers.

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