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ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index

Summary: Presents ALEX, an updatable adaptive learned index for mixed read/write workloads. Blends learned indexing with conventional storage to support updates; delivers up to 4.1x read speed and dramatically smaller index footprints vs B+Trees. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h28097aec68a3698c
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2020
Pagerank
0.00018409112
Overall Rank
430 | 97.12%
DOI
10.1145/3318464.3389711

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{ding_sigmod20,
        title = {{ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index}},
        author = {Ding, Jialin and Minhas, Umar Farooq and Yu, Jia and Wang, Chi and Do, Jaeyoung and Li, Yinan and Zhang, Hantian and Chandramouli, Badrish and Gehrke, Johannes and Kossmann, Donald and Lomet, David and Kraska, Tim},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '20},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3318464.3389711},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3318464.3389711},
        year = {2020}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 104 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
848 Benchmarking Learned Indexes 2021 VLDB 0.00013506188
868 Learning Multi-dimensional Indexes 2020 SIGMOD 0.00013354403
1,132 Qd-tree: Learning Data Layouts for Big Data Analytics 2020 SIGMOD 0.00011898257
1,191 Tsunami: A Learned Multi-dimensional Index for Correlated Data and Skewed Workloads 2021 VLDB 0.00011590153
1,550 Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions 2021 VLDB 0.00010282449
1,878 Effectively Learning Spatial Indices 2020 VLDB 9.4451309e-05
2,277 FINEdex: A Fine-grained Learned Index Scheme for Scalable and Concurrent Memory Systems 2022 VLDB 8.7075835e-05
2,636 Are Updatable Learned Indexes Ready? 2022 VLDB 8.1941043e-05
2,765 Instance-Optimized Data Layouts for Cloud Analytics Workloads 2021 SIGMOD 8.0439015e-05
2,837 SNARF: A Learning-Enhanced Range Filter 2022 VLDB 7.9527715e-05
2,866 APEX: A High-Performance Learned Index on Persistent Memory 2022 VLDB 7.9258875e-05
2,908 AI Meets Database: AI4DB and DB4AI 2021 SIGMOD 7.8742664e-05
3,206 CDFShop: Exploring and Optimizing Learned Index Structures 2020 SIGMOD 7.5397402e-05
3,232 TreeLine: An Update-In-Place Key-Value Store for Modern Storage 2023 VLDB 7.50343e-05
3,486 HUNTER: An Online Cloud Database Hybrid Tuning System for Personalized Requirements 2022 SIGMOD 7.2636102e-05
3,697 Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation 2023 VLDB 7.0882335e-05
3,703 Stable Learned Bloom Filters for Data Streams 2020 VLDB 7.0842566e-05
3,714 The Case for a Learned Sorting Algorithm 2020 SIGMOD 7.0769061e-05
3,803 CARMI: A Cache-Aware Learned Index with a Cost-based Construction Algorithm 2022 VLDB 7.0127652e-05
4,153 LeCo: Lightweight Compression via Learning Serial Correlations 2024 SIGMOD 6.776246e-05
4,375 DILI: A Distribution-Driven Learned Index 2023 VLDB 6.6292167e-05
4,457 Lightweight and Accurate Cardinality Estimation by Neural Network Gaussian Process 2022 SIGMOD 6.5913732e-05
4,482 LearnedSQLGen: Constraint-aware SQL Generation using Reinforcement Learning 2022 SIGMOD 6.5802486e-05
4,508 NFL: Robust Learned Index via Distribution Transformation 2022 VLDB 6.5704964e-05
4,538 One Model to Rule them All: Towards Zero-Shot Learning for Databases 2022 CIDR 6.553705e-05
4,616 The Price of Tailoring the Index to Your Data: Poisoning Attacks on Learned Index Structures 2022 SIGMOD 6.5000712e-05
4,641 PLIN: A Persistent Learned Index for Non-Volatile Memory with High Performance and Instant Recovery 2023 VLDB 6.4899953e-05
4,721 Hist-Tree: Those Who Ignore It Are Doomed to Learn 2021 CIDR 6.4541703e-05
4,741 Machine Learning for Databases 2021 VLDB 6.4410027e-05
4,750 GRF: A Global Range Filter for LSM-Trees with Shape Encoding 2024 SIGMOD 6.4354422e-05
4,850 The RLR-Tree: A Reinforcement Learning Based R-Tree for Spatial Data 2023 SIGMOD 6.3808017e-05
4,875 Oasis: An Optimal Disjoint Segmented Learned Range Filter 2024 VLDB 6.3724016e-05
4,890 Can Learned Models Replace Hash Functions? 2023 VLDB 6.3682031e-05
5,041 LSched: A Workload-Aware Learned Query Scheduler for Analytical Database Systems 2022 SIGMOD 6.3006152e-05
5,537 Updatable Learned Indexes Meet Disk-Resident DBMS - From Evaluations to Design Choices 2023 SIGMOD 6.0919359e-05
5,571 FILM: a Fully Learned Index for Larger-than-Memory Databases 2023 VLDB 6.080267e-05
5,716 Detect, Distill and Update: Learned DB Systems Facing Out of Distribution Data 2023 SIGMOD 6.0194657e-05
5,871 PilotScope: Steering Databases with Machine Learning Drivers 2024 VLDB 5.9639223e-05
5,974 Towards instance-optimized data systems 2021 VLDB 5.9305575e-05
6,274 A Critical Analysis of Recursive Model Indexes 2022 VLDB 5.8271888e-05
6,416 A Unified Transferable Model for ML-Enhanced DBMS 2022 CIDR 5.7920805e-05
6,595 LMSFC: A Novel Multidimensional Index based on Learned Monotonic Space Filling Curves 2023 VLDB 5.7413481e-05
6,694 MOST: Model-Based Compression with Outlier Storage for Time Series Data 2023 SIGMOD 5.7068014e-05
6,821 Making In-Memory Learned Indexes Efficient on Disk 2024 SIGMOD 5.6720444e-05
6,863 Accelerating String-key Learned Index Structures via Memoization-based Incremental Training 2024 VLDB 5.6607844e-05
6,877 Evaluating Persistent Memory Range Indexes: Part Two 2022 VLDB 5.6581603e-05
6,940 The Past, Present and Future of Indexing on Persistent Memory 2022 VLDB 5.63864e-05
7,018 SALI: A Scalable Adaptive Learned Index Framework based on Probability Models 2023 SIGMOD 5.619958e-05
7,154 Adaptive Hybrid Indexes 2022 SIGMOD 5.597934e-05
7,363 PerfGuard: Deploying ML-for-Systems without Performance Regressions, Almost! 2021 VLDB 5.5418564e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 17 of 17 cited papers.

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