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ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index

Summary: Presents ALEX, an updatable adaptive learned index for mixed read/write workloads. Blends learned indexing with conventional storage to support updates; delivers up to 4.1x read speed and dramatically smaller index footprints vs B+Trees. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h28097aec68a3698c
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2020
Pagerank
0.00018409112
Overall Rank
430 | 97.12%
DOI
10.1145/3318464.3389711

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{ding_sigmod20,
        title = {{ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index}},
        author = {Ding, Jialin and Minhas, Umar Farooq and Yu, Jia and Wang, Chi and Do, Jaeyoung and Li, Yinan and Zhang, Hantian and Chandramouli, Badrish and Gehrke, Johannes and Kossmann, Donald and Lomet, David and Kraska, Tim},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '20},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3318464.3389711},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3318464.3389711},
        year = {2020}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 104 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
7,372 LITS: An Optimized Learned Index for Strings 2024 VLDB 5.5403496e-05
7,535 Hyper: A High-Performance and Memory-Efficient Learned Index via Hybrid Construction 2024 SIGMOD 5.5003117e-05
7,598 SageDB: An Instance-Optimized Data Analytics System 2022 VLDB 5.4871733e-05
7,710 The next 50 Years in Database Indexing or: The Case for Automatically Generated Index Structures 2022 VLDB 5.4713723e-05
8,179 Towards Designing and Learning Piecewise Space-Filling Curves 2023 VLDB 5.3826446e-05
8,196 WISK: A Workload-aware Learned Index for Spatial Keyword Queries 2023 SIGMOD 5.3794981e-05
8,199 Sieve: A Learned Data-Skipping Index for Data Analytics 2023 VLDB 5.3788727e-05
8,200 Algorithmic Complexity Attacks on Dynamic Learned Indexes 2024 VLDB 5.3787447e-05
8,378 Tuning Hierarchical Learned Indexes on Disk and Beyond 2022 SIGMOD 5.3433888e-05
8,385 NeurDB: On the Design and Implementation of an AI-powered Autonomous Database 2025 CIDR 5.3420959e-05
8,403 The Case for Learned In-Memory Joins 2023 VLDB 5.3389852e-05
8,418 Femur: A Flexible Framework for Fast and Secure Querying from Public Key-Value Store 2025 SIGMOD 5.3350162e-05
8,532 AirIndex: Versatile Index Tuning Through Data and Storage 2023 SIGMOD 5.3217474e-05
8,620 Limousine: Blending Learned and Classical Indexes to Self-Design Larger-than-Memory Cloud Storage Engines 2024 SIGMOD 5.301557e-05
8,642 OptiQL: Robust Optimistic Locking for Memory-Optimized Indexes 2023 SIGMOD 5.2957446e-05
8,753 A New Paradigm in Tuning Learned Indexes: A Reinforcement Learning Enhanced Approach 2025 SIGMOD 5.2846898e-05
8,873 Why Are Learned Indexes So Effective but Sometimes Ineffective? 2025 VLDB 5.2582842e-05
8,947 Machine Unlearning in Learned Databases: An Experimental Analysis 2024 SIGMOD 5.2532248e-05
9,149 Towards Systematic Index Dynamization 2024 VLDB 5.2186338e-05
9,346 External Merge Sort for Top-K Queries: Eager input filtering guided by histograms 2020 SIGMOD 5.1901145e-05
9,593 Can Learned Indexes be Built Efficiently? A Deep Dive into Sampling Trade-offs 2024 SIGMOD 5.156392e-05
9,610 LIMAO: A Framework for Lifelong Modular Learned Query Optimization 2025 VLDB 5.1526493e-05
9,699 Revisiting B-tree Compression: An Experimental Study 2024 SIGMOD 5.138658e-05
9,741 LES3: Learning-based Exact Set Similarity Search 2021 VLDB 5.1349531e-05
9,777 Understanding Robustness Issues of Updatable Learned Indexes: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 5.1314952e-05
9,918 Route Travel Time Estimation on A Road Network Revisited: Heterogeneity, Proximity, Periodicity and Dynamicity 2023 VLDB 5.1103839e-05
10,063 Fast Search-By-Classification for Large-Scale Databases Using Index-Aware Decision Trees and Random Forests 2023 VLDB 5.0875952e-05
10,168 PLATON: Top-down R-tree Packing with Learned Partition Policy 2023 SIGMOD 5.0682654e-05
10,183 DumpKV: Learning based lifetime aware garbage collection for key value separation in LSM-tree 2025 VLDB 5.0651993e-05
10,185 SWIX: A Memory-efficient Sliding Window Learned Index 2024 SIGMOD 5.0651993e-05
10,217 DBMS Fitting: Why should we learn what we already know? 2020 CIDR 5.0582281e-05
10,473 L3: A GPU-Native Co-Designed Data Format for Learned Lossless Lightweight Compression 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,474 LICO: An SIMD-Aware High-Performance Learned Inverted Index Compression Framework 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,475 LINE: A Learned Index with Group-Enhanced Leaves and Cache-Optimized Inner Tree 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,480 Mathematical Foundations of Poisoning Attacks on Linear Regression over Cumulative Distribution Functions 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,484 NeurBench: A Benchmark Suite for Learned Database Components with Drift Modeling: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,489 On Self-Designing Learned Indexes 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,532 Rainbow: Risk-aware Index Benefit Estimation Facing Out Of Distribution Workloads 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,575 High Performance or Low Memory? An Updatable Learned Index Framework for Time-Space Tradeoff 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,645 From Learning to Recycling: A Log-Structured Learned-Less Index 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,648 HIRE: A Hybrid Learned Index for Robust and Efficient Performance under Mixed Workloads 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,650 IDAP++: Advancing Divergence-Aware Pruning with Joint Filter and Layer Optimization 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,656 LM-Tree: A Hybrid Learned Index for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,764 Kirin: Efficient In-Storage Learned Compaction for LSM-Trees via System-Algorithm Co-Design 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,844 Rethinking Learned Index and LSM-tree Integration 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
10,856 How Much Can RocksDB Chew? Achieving Near-Zero Write Stalls with Sustainable RocksDB 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,015 Vodka: Rethink Benchmarking Philosophy in HTAP Systems 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,057 A Workload-Aware Encrypted Index for Efficient Privacy-Preserving Range Queries 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,064 LiBox: A Learned Index as an Array to Minimize Last-Mile Search 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,122 VEGA: An Active-tuning Learned Index with Group-Wise Learning Granularity 2025 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 17 of 17 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

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