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DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries!

Summary: Data-driven learned DBMS components bypass workload-driven training, enabling changes in workload or data without retraining. Empirically higher accuracy and better generalization to unseen queries than state-of-the-art learned components. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
12477
Venue
VLDB
Year
2020
Pagerank
0.00021264788
Overall Rank
323 | 97.79%
DOI
10.14778/3384345.3384349

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{hilprecht_vldb20,
        title = {{DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries!}},
        author = {Hilprecht, Benjamin and Schmidt, Andreas and Kulessa, Moritz and Molina, Alejandro and Kersting, Kristian and Binnig, Carsten},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '20},
        volume = {13},
        number = {7},
        pages = {992--1005},
        doi = {10.14778/3384345.3384349},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3384345.3384349},
        year = {2020}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 123 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
513 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00017190574
1,061 Are We Ready For Learned Cardinality Estimation? 2021 VLDB 0.00012369764
1,122 Cardinality Estimation in DBMS: A Comprehensive Benchmark Evaluation 2022 VLDB 0.0001209124
1,241 Balsa: Learning a Query Optimizer Without Expert Demonstrations 2022 SIGMOD 0.00011521639
1,573 Deep Learning Models for Selectivity Estimation of Multi-Attribute Queries 2020 SIGMOD 0.00010328171
1,876 Flow-Loss: Learning Cardinality Estimates That Matter 2021 VLDB 9.5717543e-05
1,988 FLAT: Fast, Lightweight and Accurate Method for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 9.3501502e-05
2,233 FINEdex: A Fine-grained Learned Index Scheme for Scalable and Concurrent Memory Systems 2022 VLDB 8.8968964e-05
2,420 Lero: A Learning-to-Rank Query Optimizer 2023 VLDB 8.605257e-05
2,543 Learned Cardinality Estimation: An In-depth Study 2022 SIGMOD 8.4445934e-05
2,620 Fauce: Fast and Accurate Deep Ensembles with Uncertainty for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 8.3363963e-05
2,723 Learned Cardinality Estimation: A Design Space Exploration and A Comparative Evaluation 2022 VLDB 8.2049453e-05
2,762 Cost-based or Learning-based? A Hybrid Query Optimizer for Query Plan Selection 2022 VLDB 8.1539867e-05
2,844 Zero-Shot Cost Models for Out-of-the-box Learned Cost Prediction 2022 VLDB 8.0608767e-05
2,991 FactorJoin: A New Cardinality Estimation Framework for Join Queries 2023 SIGMOD 7.8880723e-05
3,086 A Unified Deep Model of Learning from both Data and Queries for Cardinality Estimation 2021 SIGMOD 7.7708642e-05
3,162 Efficiently Approximating Selectivity Functions using Low Overhead Regression Models 2020 VLDB 7.6785856e-05
3,283 A Learned Sketch for Subgraph Counting 2021 SIGMOD 7.56675e-05
3,338 Robust Query Driven Cardinality Estimation under Changing Workloads 2023 VLDB 7.5068221e-05
3,545 Astrid: Accurate Selectivity Estimation for String Predicates using Deep Learning 2021 VLDB 7.3249967e-05
3,662 openGauss: An Autonomous Database System 2021 VLDB 7.2166682e-05
3,688 FACE: A Normalizing Flow based Cardinality Estimator 2022 VLDB 7.201795e-05
3,961 MB2: Decomposed Behavior Modeling for Self-Driving Database Management Systems 2021 SIGMOD 6.987575e-05
4,011 Towards Dynamic and Safe Configuration Tuning for Cloud Databases 2022 SIGMOD 6.959982e-05
4,114 Optimizing Machine Learning Inference Queries with Correlative Proxy Models 2022 VLDB 6.8941194e-05
4,349 ALECE: An Attention-based Learned Cardinality Estimator for SPJ Queries on Dynamic Workloads 2024 VLDB 6.7504619e-05
4,368 Lightweight and Accurate Cardinality Estimation by Neural Network Gaussian Process 2022 SIGMOD 6.7393882e-05
4,468 One Model to Rule them All: Towards Zero-Shot Learning for Databases 2022 CIDR 6.6819041e-05
4,612 Warper: Efficiently Adapting Learned Cardinality Estimators to Data and Workload Drifts 2022 SIGMOD 6.6072026e-05
4,789 Learned Approximate Query Processing: Make it Light, Accurate and Fast 2021 CIDR 6.5072039e-05
4,929 AutoSteer: Learned Query Optimization for Any SQL Database 2023 VLDB 6.4423294e-05
5,105 SAM: Database Generation from Query Workloads with Supervised Autoregressive Models 2022 SIGMOD 6.3628539e-05
5,107 Stage: Query Execution Time Prediction in Amazon Redshift 2024 SIGMOD 6.3623786e-05
5,340 Machine Learning for Databases 2021 VLDB 6.2603359e-05
5,447 FILM: a Fully Learned Index for Larger-than-Memory Databases 2023 VLDB 6.2149491e-05
5,529 Debunking the Myth of Join Ordering: Toward Robust SQL Analytics 2025 SIGMOD 6.18591e-05
5,551 PGMJoins: Random Join Sampling with Graphical Models 2021 SIGMOD 6.1782856e-05
5,573 Eraser: Eliminating Performance Regression on Learned Query Optimizer 2024 VLDB 6.1682747e-05
5,576 SafeBound: A Practical System for Generating Cardinality Bounds 2023 SIGMOD 6.1663946e-05
5,639 LpBound: Pessimistic Cardinality Estimation using ℓp-Norms of Degree Sequences 2025 SIGMOD 6.1385102e-05
5,712 Sample-Efficient Cardinality Estimation Using Geometric Deep Learning 2024 VLDB 6.1123894e-05
5,792 Pre-training Summarization Models of Structured Datasets for Cardinality Estimation 2022 VLDB 6.0871213e-05
6,024 Expand your Training Limits! Generating Training Data for ML-based Data Management 2021 SIGMOD 6.0031118e-05
6,088 How Good are Learned Cost Models, Really? Insights from Query Optimization Tasks 2025 SIGMOD 5.9813965e-05
6,132 Detect, Distill and Update: Learned DB Systems Facing Out of Distribution Data 2023 SIGMOD 5.9660278e-05
6,163 A Critical Analysis of Recursive Model Indexes 2022 VLDB 5.9532723e-05
6,206 Combining Aggregation and Sampling (Nearly) Optimally for Approximate Query Processing 2021 SIGMOD 5.9443409e-05
6,271 Is Your Learned Query Optimizer Behaving As You Expect? A Machine Learning Perspective 2024 VLDB 5.9326197e-05
6,323 Modeling Shifting Workloads for Learned Database Systems 2024 SIGMOD 5.9141228e-05
6,341 Cardinality Estimation over Knowledge Graphs with Embeddings and Graph Neural Networks 2024 SIGMOD 5.9068986e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 25 of 25 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
18 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00059284255
43 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00046060254
84 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00035838391
154 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.00028726181
280 Selectivity Estimation using Probabilistic Models 2001 SIGMOD 0.00022454217
307 Approximate Query Processing Using Wavelets 2000 VLDB 0.00021792475
401 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00019092557
465 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.0001803934
593 Wander Join: Online Aggregation via Random Walks 2016 SIGMOD 0.00016027871
694 Cardinality Estimation Done Right: Index-Based Join Sampling 2017 CIDR 0.00014911698
697 Selectivity Estimation for Range Predicates using Lightweight Models 2019 VLDB 0.00014888851
772 VerdictDB: Universalizing Approximate Query Processing 2018 SIGMOD 0.00014147905
820 BayesStore: Managing Large, Uncertain Data Repositories with Probabilistic Graphical Models 2008 VLDB 0.00013814535
1,437 Querying Continuous Functions in a Database System 2008 SIGMOD 0.00010790718
1,468 Towards a Learning Optimizer for Shared Clouds 2019 VLDB 0.00010686496
1,767 IDEBench: A Benchmark for Interactive Data Exploration 2020 SIGMOD 9.805856e-05
1,799 DBEst: Revisiting Approximate Query Processing Engines with Machine Learning Models 2019 SIGMOD 9.7326398e-05
1,995 Database Learning: Toward a Database that Becomes Smarter Every Time 2017 SIGMOD 9.3403665e-05
2,157 A Black-Box Approach to Query Cardinality Estimation 2007 CIDR 9.0625592e-05
2,213 Designing Succinct Secondary Indexing Mechanism by Exploiting Column Correlations 2019 SIGMOD 8.9410226e-05
2,281 Selectivity Estimation in Extensible Databases - A Neural Network Approach 1998 VLDB 8.8129279e-05
4,490 SlimShot: In-Database Probabilistic Inference for Knowledge Bases 2016 VLDB 6.6666905e-05
4,680 Probabilistic Databases with MarkoViews 2012 VLDB 6.5675814e-05
7,306 Local Structure and Determinism in Probabilistic Databases 2012 SIGMOD 5.6499367e-05
8,036 Learning Statistical Models from Relational Data 2011 SIGMOD 5.5025742e-05
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