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DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries!

Summary: Data-driven learned DBMS components bypass workload-driven training, enabling changes in workload or data without retraining. Empirically higher accuracy and better generalization to unseen queries than state-of-the-art learned components. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
hf8b0937cfe72c663
Venue
VLDB
Year
2020
Pagerank
0.00021167555
Overall Rank
318 | 97.87%
DOI
10.14778/3384345.3384349

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{hilprecht_vldb20,
        title = {{DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries!}},
        author = {Hilprecht, Benjamin and Schmidt, Andreas and Kulessa, Moritz and Molina, Alejandro and Kersting, Kristian and Binnig, Carsten},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '20},
        volume = {13},
        number = {7},
        pages = {992--1005},
        doi = {10.14778/3384345.3384349},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3384345.3384349},
        year = {2020}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 124 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
512 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00017050173
982 Cardinality Estimation in DBMS: A Comprehensive Benchmark Evaluation 2022 VLDB 0.00012714044
1,064 Are We Ready For Learned Cardinality Estimation? 2021 VLDB 0.00012202282
1,199 Balsa: Learning a Query Optimizer Without Expert Demonstrations 2022 SIGMOD 0.00011563985
1,580 Deep Learning Models for Selectivity Estimation of Multi-Attribute Queries 2020 SIGMOD 0.00010180835
1,734 Flow-Loss: Learning Cardinality Estimates That Matter 2021 VLDB 9.7545773e-05
2,004 FLAT: Fast, Lightweight and Accurate Method for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 9.2065719e-05
2,210 Lero: A Learning-to-Rank Query Optimizer 2023 VLDB 8.8257742e-05
2,277 FINEdex: A Fine-grained Learned Index Scheme for Scalable and Concurrent Memory Systems 2022 VLDB 8.7075835e-05
2,342 Learned Cardinality Estimation: An In-depth Study 2022 SIGMOD 8.6060437e-05
2,522 Learned Cardinality Estimation: A Design Space Exploration and A Comparative Evaluation 2022 VLDB 8.3477168e-05
2,583 Fauce: Fast and Accurate Deep Ensembles with Uncertainty for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 8.2589758e-05
2,690 Cost-based or Learning-based? A Hybrid Query Optimizer for Query Plan Selection 2022 VLDB 8.1258173e-05
2,846 FactorJoin: A New Cardinality Estimation Framework for Join Queries 2023 SIGMOD 7.9453616e-05
2,885 Zero-Shot Cost Models for Out-of-the-box Learned Cost Prediction 2022 VLDB 7.9094988e-05
3,052 A Unified Deep Model of Learning from both Data and Queries for Cardinality Estimation 2021 SIGMOD 7.7052471e-05
3,160 A Learned Sketch for Subgraph Counting 2021 SIGMOD 7.5807496e-05
3,210 Efficiently Approximating Selectivity Functions using Low Overhead Regression Models 2020 VLDB 7.5363533e-05
3,327 Robust Query Driven Cardinality Estimation under Changing Workloads 2023 VLDB 7.4207879e-05
3,562 Astrid: Accurate Selectivity Estimation for String Predicates using Deep Learning 2021 VLDB 7.2046519e-05
3,682 openGauss: An Autonomous Database System 2021 VLDB 7.1013922e-05
3,741 FACE: A Normalizing Flow based Cardinality Estimator 2022 VLDB 7.0594076e-05
3,965 MB2: Decomposed Behavior Modeling for Self-Driving Database Management Systems 2021 SIGMOD 6.8918628e-05
3,969 Optimizing Machine Learning Inference Queries with Correlative Proxy Models 2022 VLDB 6.8899861e-05
4,079 Towards Dynamic and Safe Configuration Tuning for Cloud Databases 2022 SIGMOD 6.818264e-05
4,311 ALECE: An Attention-based Learned Cardinality Estimator for SPJ Queries on Dynamic Workloads 2024 VLDB 6.6727978e-05
4,457 Lightweight and Accurate Cardinality Estimation by Neural Network Gaussian Process 2022 SIGMOD 6.5913732e-05
4,538 One Model to Rule them All: Towards Zero-Shot Learning for Databases 2022 CIDR 6.553705e-05
4,563 Warper: Efficiently Adapting Learned Cardinality Estimators to Data and Workload Drifts 2022 SIGMOD 6.5320994e-05
4,683 AutoSteer: Learned Query Optimization for Any SQL Database 2023 VLDB 6.4716143e-05
4,741 Machine Learning for Databases 2021 VLDB 6.4410027e-05
4,781 Learned Approximate Query Processing: Make it Light, Accurate and Fast 2021 CIDR 6.4162085e-05
4,852 LpBound: Pessimistic Cardinality Estimation using ℓp-Norms of Degree Sequences 2025 SIGMOD 6.3806134e-05
4,950 Debunking the Myth of Join Ordering: Toward Robust SQL Analytics 2025 SIGMOD 6.3421691e-05
5,209 SAM: Database Generation from Query Workloads with Supervised Autoregressive Models 2022 SIGMOD 6.2262056e-05
5,214 Stage: Query Execution Time Prediction in Amazon Redshift 2024 SIGMOD 6.2248104e-05
5,219 SafeBound: A Practical System for Generating Cardinality Bounds 2023 SIGMOD 6.222726e-05
5,456 Eraser: Eliminating Performance Regression on Learned Query Optimizer 2024 VLDB 6.1239873e-05
5,571 FILM: a Fully Learned Index for Larger-than-Memory Databases 2023 VLDB 6.080267e-05
5,649 Sample-Efficient Cardinality Estimation Using Geometric Deep Learning 2024 VLDB 6.052326e-05
5,657 PGMJoins: Random Join Sampling with Graphical Models 2021 SIGMOD 6.0488437e-05
5,683 How Good are Learned Cost Models, Really? Insights from Query Optimization Tasks 2025 SIGMOD 6.0392183e-05
5,716 Detect, Distill and Update: Learned DB Systems Facing Out of Distribution Data 2023 SIGMOD 6.0194657e-05
5,789 A Neural Database for Differentially Private Spatial Range Queries 2022 VLDB 5.9942738e-05
5,840 Pre-training Summarization Models of Structured Datasets for Cardinality Estimation 2022 VLDB 5.9737703e-05
5,865 Modeling Shifting Workloads for Learned Database Systems 2024 SIGMOD 5.9659203e-05
5,871 PilotScope: Steering Databases with Machine Learning Drivers 2024 VLDB 5.9639223e-05
5,902 Yannakakis+: Practical Acyclic Query Evaluation with Theoretical Guarantees 2025 SIGMOD 5.9536872e-05
6,141 Expand your Training Limits! Generating Training Data for ML-based Data Management 2021 SIGMOD 5.8733296e-05
6,221 Combining Aggregation and Sampling (Nearly) Optimally for Approximate Query Processing 2021 SIGMOD 5.8463347e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 25 of 25 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
15 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00061066921
40 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00046284649
85 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00035864347
145 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.0002908188
286 Selectivity Estimation using Probabilistic Models 2001 SIGMOD 0.0002211981
309 Approximate Query Processing Using Wavelets 2000 VLDB 0.00021384073
406 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00019045544
461 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.00017829982
596 Wander Join: Online Aggregation via Random Walks 2016 SIGMOD 0.00015785583
688 Cardinality Estimation Done Right: Index-Based Join Sampling 2017 CIDR 0.00014753664
692 Selectivity Estimation for Range Predicates using Lightweight Models 2019 VLDB 0.00014741011
784 VerdictDB: Universalizing Approximate Query Processing 2018 SIGMOD 0.00014012614
841 BayesStore: Managing Large, Uncertain Data Repositories with Probabilistic Graphical Models 2008 VLDB 0.00013541445
1,433 Towards a Learning Optimizer for Shared Clouds 2019 VLDB 0.00010677711
1,456 Querying Continuous Functions in a Database System 2008 SIGMOD 0.00010589614
1,797 IDEBench: A Benchmark for Interactive Data Exploration 2020 SIGMOD 9.6187325e-05
1,829 DBEst: Revisiting Approximate Query Processing Engines with Machine Learning Models 2019 SIGMOD 9.5510333e-05
2,027 Database Learning: Toward a Database that Becomes Smarter Every Time 2017 SIGMOD 9.1618139e-05
2,172 A Black-Box Approach to Query Cardinality Estimation 2007 CIDR 8.9214171e-05
2,238 Designing Succinct Secondary Indexing Mechanism by Exploiting Column Correlations 2019 SIGMOD 8.7751619e-05
2,303 Selectivity Estimation in Extensible Databases - A Neural Network Approach 1998 VLDB 8.6708797e-05
4,576 SlimShot: In-Database Probabilistic Inference for Knowledge Bases 2016 VLDB 6.5244201e-05
4,765 Probabilistic Databases with MarkoViews 2012 VLDB 6.4275411e-05
7,427 Local Structure and Determinism in Probabilistic Databases 2012 SIGMOD 5.5304729e-05
8,161 Learning Statistical Models from Relational Data 2011 SIGMOD 5.3864168e-05
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